Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York University at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY, USA.
New York State Department of Health, The Arbovirus Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY, USA.
Emerg Microbes Infect. 2023 Dec;12(1):2155585. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2155585.
Powassan virus (POWV, family ) is a reemerging tick-borne virus endemic in North America and Russia. In 1997, a POWV-like agent was isolated from in New England and determined to be genetically distinct from the original POWV isolate. This revealed the existence of two lineages: lineage 1, prototype Powassan virus (POWV-1) and lineage 2, deer tick virus (DTV). POWV-1 is thought to be primarily maintained in a cycle between and woodchucks and and squirrels, while DTV is primarily maintained in a cycle between and small mammal hosts. Recent tick, mammalian, and human isolates from New York State (NYS) have been identified as DTV, but for the first time in 45 years, we detected four POWV-1 isolates, including the first reported isolation of POWV-1 from . We aimed to investigate genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of recent NYS isolates through sequence analysis and evaluation of replication kinetics and . Our sequencing revealed genetic divergence between NYS POWV-1 isolates, with two distinct foci. We found that POWV-1 isolates displayed variable replication kinetics in nymphal ticks but not in cell culture. POWV-1 isolated from displayed increased fitness in experimentally infected as compared to historic and recent POWV-1 isolates from . These data suggest the emergence of divergent POWV-1 strains in alternate tick hosts and maintenance of genetically and phenotypically discrete POWV-1 foci.
波瓦桑病毒（POWV，家族）是一种重新出现的蜱传病毒，流行于北美和俄罗斯。1997 年，从新英格兰分离到一种与原始 POWV 分离株在基因上明显不同的 POWV 类似物。这揭示了两种谱系的存在：谱系 1，原型波瓦桑病毒（POWV-1）和谱系 2，鹿蜱病毒（DTV）。POWV-1 被认为主要在 和土拨鼠以及 和松鼠之间的循环中维持，而 DTV 主要在 和小型哺乳动物宿主之间的循环中维持。最近从纽约州（NYS）分离到的蜱、哺乳动物和人类分离株被鉴定为 DTV，但这是 45 年来首次检测到 4 株 POWV-1 分离株，包括首次从 分离到 POWV-1。我们旨在通过序列分析和复制动力学评估来研究最近 NYS 分离株的基因型和表型特征 。我们的测序揭示了 NYS POWV-1 分离株之间的遗传差异，存在两个不同的焦点。我们发现，POWV-1 分离株在若虫蜱中显示出可变的复制动力学，但在细胞培养中则不然。与来自 的历史和近期 POWV-1 分离株相比，从 分离到的 POWV-1 显示出在实验感染 中更高的适应性。这些数据表明，在替代的蜱宿主中出现了不同的 POWV-1 菌株，并且维持了遗传和表型上不同的 POWV-1 焦点。
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