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寿命延长,工作年限延长:从健康角度分析2002年至2018年德国工作预期寿命的时间趋势。

Living longer, working longer: analysing time trends in working life expectancy in Germany from a health perspective between 2002 and 2018.

作者信息

Heller Chiara, Sperlich Stefanie, Tetzlaff Fabian, Geyer Siegfried, Epping Jelena, Beller Johannes, Tetzlaff Juliane

机构信息

Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany.

出版信息

Eur J Ageing. 2022 May 23;19(4):1263-1276. doi: 10.1007/s10433-022-00707-0. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Abstract

UNLABELLED

Population ageing poses growing challenges to social security systems, in particular to public pension funds. The study analyses how Working Life Expectancy (WLE) and Healthy Working Life Expectancy (HWLE) in terms of three health indicators developed in Germany. Based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) from 2002 to 2018 (= 211,141), time trends in labour force rates, mental and physical Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), self-rated health (SRH) and the respective combinations (health indicator*labour force) were analysed for all respondents aged 18-74. WLE and HWLE were calculated using the Sullivan method. WLE and HWLE in men and women at age 18 and 50 clearly increased over time. These increases in HWLE were found in terms of all three health indicators. This development was mainly driven by the clear increase of the labour force rates, since the shares of individuals with good and satisfactory SRH or average and good HRQoL remained largely stable over time. The results show that from a health perspective there have been potentials for increases in WLE during the past two decades and that increasingly more healthy life years are spent economically active. However, life years in the labour force but in poor health have increased, too. The absence of clear improvements in health emphasises the importance of current and future preventive measures to maintain health, especially among the middle-aged and older labour force.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10433-022-00707-0.

摘要

未标注

人口老龄化给社会保障系统带来了越来越多的挑战,尤其是对公共养老基金而言。该研究分析了根据德国制定的三项健康指标得出的工作预期寿命(WLE)和健康工作预期寿命(HWLE)。基于2002年至2018年的德国社会经济面板(GSOEP,共211,141人),对所有18至74岁的受访者的劳动力参与率、与身心健康相关的生活质量(HRQoL)、自评健康(SRH)以及各自的组合(健康指标*劳动力)的时间趋势进行了分析。使用沙利文方法计算WLE和HWLE。18岁和50岁男性及女性的WLE和HWLE随时间显著增加。在所有三项健康指标方面均发现HWLE有这些增加。这一发展主要是由劳动力参与率的显著提高推动的,因为随着时间的推移,自评健康良好和令人满意或HRQoL中等和良好的个体比例基本保持稳定。结果表明,从健康角度来看,在过去二十年中WLE有增加的潜力,并且越来越多的健康生命年用于经济活动。然而,处于劳动力状态但健康状况不佳的生命年也有所增加。健康状况没有明显改善凸显了当前和未来采取预防措施以维持健康的重要性,尤其是在中年和老年劳动力群体中。

补充信息

在线版本包含可在10.1007/s10433-022-00707-0获取的补充材料。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/ca73/9729498/01ea1b48d4b5/10433_2022_707_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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