Medical Sociology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625, Hanover, Germany.
AOK Niedersachsen- Statutory Health Insurance of Lower Saxony, Hannover, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2024 Apr 4;14(1):7930. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-58650-2.
Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs) are a major predictor of early retirement. Against the backdrop of the extension of working life, we investigated time trends and educational inequalities in years spent in the labour market free of MSD. Based on German statutory health insurance data (N = 3,405,673), total life years free of MSD (Healthy Life Expectancy, HLE) and years spent in the labour force free of MSD (Healthy Working Life Expectancy, HWLE) were estimated for three periods (2006-2008, 2011-2013, 2016-2018) using multistate analyses. Educational inequalities (8 to 11 vs. 12 or more years of schooling) are reported for 2011-2013. HLE decreased slightly over time in all genders. HWLE in women increased, while it remained rather constant in men. Over time, the share of years in the labour force spent free of MSD declined continuously. People with lower education had lower HLE and HWLE than individuals with higher education. With respect to musculoskeletal diseases, the increase in disease-free working life years cannot keep pace with the extension of working life, resulting in an increasing proportion of years spent in impaired musculoskeletal health in the labour market. Effective prevention strategies are needed, focusing especially on individuals with lower educational attainment.
肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）是提前退休的主要预测因素。在延长工作寿命的背景下，我们研究了无 MSD 工作年限的时间趋势和教育不平等。基于德国法定健康保险数据（N=3405673），使用多状态分析估计了三个时期（2006-2008 年、2011-2013 年、2016-2018 年）的无 MSD 总生命年限（健康期望寿命，HLE）和无 MSD 工作年限（健康工作期望寿命，HWLE）。报告了 2011-2013 年的教育不平等（8 至 11 年与 12 年或以上受教育年限）。在所有性别中，HLE 随时间略有下降。女性的 HWLE 增加，而男性则保持相对稳定。随着时间的推移，无 MSD 的劳动力年限比例不断下降。受教育程度较低的人比受教育程度较高的人 HLE 和 HWLE 较低。就肌肉骨骼疾病而言，无疾病工作年限的增加无法跟上工作寿命的延长，导致劳动力中肌肉骨骼健康受损的年限比例不断增加。需要采取有效的预防策略，特别关注受教育程度较低的个人。
