*Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Acıbadem University School of Medicine, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
†Acıbadem University Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey.
J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2022 Nov-Dec;112(6). doi: 10.7547/20-065.
Biphalangealism has been evaluated in many studies and has been shown as a common variant. Its frequency varies according to the populations. This epidemiological study aimed to determine the prevalence of biphalangealism for each toe in the Turkish population and compare it with other populations.
The local hospital radiological database was searched for all consecutive foot radiographs, obtained between 2014 and 2018. Anteroposterior (AP) and oblique radiographs obtained to evaluate trauma or foot pathologies were included. Two-phalangeal toes according to radiographical views were defined as biphalangeal and other three-phalangeal toes were defined as normal.
A total of 2,881 radiographs of 2,710 adult patients met the incusion criteria. There were 1,558 (57.5%) female and 1,152 (42.5%) male patients. The cases were unilateral in 2,539 patients and bilateral in 171 patients. The overall prevalence of biphalangeal third toe was 0.29%, fourth toe was 1.29%, and fifth toe was 23.3%.
The presence of pedal biphalangealism is a common variant and its frequency varies according to the populations. The exact cause is still unclear. Further studies are required to assess the clinical impact of biphalangealism.
二趾畸形已在许多研究中进行了评估，被认为是一种常见的变异。其频率因人群而异。本项流行病学研究旨在确定土耳其人群中每个脚趾的二趾畸形患病率，并与其他人群进行比较。
在 2014 年至 2018 年间，检索当地医院放射学数据库中所有连续的足部 X 光片。包括用于评估创伤或足部病理的前后位（AP）和斜位 X 光片。根据影像学视图，将二趾畸形定义为二趾，其他三趾畸形定义为正常。
共纳入 2710 名成年患者的 2881 张 X 光片。其中 1558 名（57.5%）为女性，1152 名（42.5%）为男性。2539 例为单侧，171 例为双侧。三趾的二趾畸形总体患病率为 0.29%，四趾为 1.29%，五趾为 23.3%。
足二趾畸形是一种常见的变异，其频率因人群而异。确切原因尚不清楚。需要进一步研究来评估二趾畸形的临床影响。
