Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yuebei People's Hospital Affifiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, China.
Department of Rheumatology, Shenzhen Futian Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 2;13:1059887. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059887. eCollection 2022.
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators that control and influence gene expression as well as multiple biological processes depending on their potential binding sites in human-protein coding genes and other unconventional patterns, including coding for peptides, activating Toll-like receptors as a ligand, and other manners. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNA expression is tightly regulated during phases of development, differentiation, and effector functions of immune cells, immunological disorders of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review outlines the biogenesis of miRNAs and their unconventional functions as well as underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. It then summarizes our current knowledge about how the biogenesis of miRNAs is regulated. Moreover, an overview was provided concerning the role of abnormal expression of miRNAs in lupus immune cells. In particular, we will shed some light on the recent advances in the role of miRNAs and exosome-derived miRNAs in immunological and epigenetic pathways in the pathogenesis of SLE.
微小 RNA（miRNA）已成为关键调控因子，可根据其在人类蛋白质编码基因和其他非传统模式（包括编码肽、作为配体激活 Toll 样受体以及其他方式）中的潜在结合位点，控制和影响基因表达以及多种生物过程。越来越多的证据表明，miRNA 的表达在发育、分化和免疫细胞效应功能阶段受到严格调控，系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）的免疫紊乱也是如此。这篇综述概述了 miRNA 的生物发生及其作为非传统功能的潜在细胞和分子机制。然后，它总结了我们目前对 miRNA 生物发生如何受到调控的认识。此外，还概述了 miRNA 在狼疮免疫细胞中异常表达的作用。特别是，我们将重点介绍 miRNA 和外泌体衍生 miRNA 在 SLE 发病机制中的免疫和表观遗传途径中的作用的最新进展。
