Institute of Novel and Emerging Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany.
National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
Methods Mol Biol. 2023;2610:17-29. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2895-9_2.
Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging, zoonotic paramyxovirus that is among the most pathogenic of viruses in humans. During the first reported outbreak of NiV in Malaysia and Singapore in the late 1990s, pigs served as an intermediate host, which enabled the transmission to humans. Although subsequent outbreaks in Asia only reported direct bat-to-human and human-to-human transmission, pigs are still considered a potential source for viral dissemination in the epidemiology of the disease. Thus, serological assays such as Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or virus neutralization test (VNT) represent powerful tools to characterize the serum antibody responses in NiV-infected pigs as well as to perform seroepidemiological surveillance studies on the potential circulation of NiV or NiV-related viruses among pig populations worldwide. This chapter describes both methods in detail. Furthermore, we discuss some of the major pitfalls and indicate how to avoid them.
尼帕病毒（NiV）是一种新兴的人畜共患病副粘病毒，是对人类最具致病性的病毒之一。在 20 世纪 90 年代末马来西亚和新加坡首次报告的尼帕病毒暴发期间，猪作为中间宿主，使病毒能够传播给人类。尽管亚洲随后的暴发仅报告了蝙蝠直接传播给人类和人与人之间的传播，但猪仍被认为是疾病流行病学中病毒传播的潜在来源。因此，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）或病毒中和试验（VNT）等血清学检测方法是描述尼帕病毒感染猪血清抗体反应的有力工具，也是对全球猪群中尼帕病毒或尼帕病毒相关病毒潜在传播进行血清流行病学监测研究的有力工具。本章详细描述了这两种方法。此外，我们还讨论了一些主要的陷阱，并指出了如何避免这些陷阱。
