Díaz-González Candelaria de la Merced, Ramal-López Josefa María, González-Henríquez Juan José, de la Rosa-Hormiga Milagros
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Juan de Quesada, 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Juan de Quesada, 30, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Nurs Rep. 2022 Dec 2;12(4):958-967. doi: 10.3390/nursrep12040092.
Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) is commonly used as an antithrombotic in patients with reduced mobility. Its administration is performed by invasive technique (injections) that can cause pain: (1) Background: Pain and bruising are the most common side effects in patients treated with LMWH, but the skin phototype (PT) has never been included; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, developed in the Hospital Unit of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery over one year. To classify all participants in the sample considering their skin PT and the different pain levels "during" and "after" the administration of enoxaparin. The STROBE checklist was used to evaluate the study. Data analyses were carried out: descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of Variance ANOVA of a non-parametric factor; (3) Results: The sample was 202 participants. The most frequent skin PTs were PT II 43.6% and PT III 33.2%. Mean pain after injection (1.96) was greater than pain during injection (1.4). Better natural protection against sunlight (high PT) would indicate greater post-injection pain; (4) Conclusions: Participants with a medium-high phototype (≥III) perceive a greater pain sensation than participants with a low phototype (≤II) after the administration of enoxaparin.
低分子量肝素（LMWH）常用于行动不便的患者以预防血栓形成。其给药通过侵入性技术（注射）进行，可能会引起疼痛：（1）背景：疼痛和瘀伤是接受LMWH治疗患者最常见的副作用，但皮肤光类型（PT）从未被纳入研究；（2）方法：一项横断面描述性研究，在骨科和创伤外科医院病房开展，为期一年。根据所有参与者的皮肤PT以及依诺肝素给药“期间”和“之后”的不同疼痛程度对样本中的所有参与者进行分类。采用STROBE清单对研究进行评估。进行数据分析：描述性统计分析和非参数因素的方差分析（ANOVA）；（3）结果：样本为202名参与者。最常见的皮肤PT是PT II（43.6%）和PT III（33.2%）。注射后的平均疼痛程度（1.96）大于注射期间的疼痛程度（1.4）。对阳光的天然防护更好（高PT）表明注射后疼痛更剧烈；（4）结论：中高光类型（≥III）的参与者在接受依诺肝素给药后比低光类型（≤II）的参与者感觉到更强烈的疼痛感。
