Urology department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Nursing department, The First affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2020 Jan-Dec;26:1076029620905349. doi: 10.1177/1076029620905349.
To evaluate the effect of cold application on pain and bruising after the subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin, 8 electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials and quasiexperimental studies from the inception of the databases to June 2019. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for the heterogeneity test and meta-analysis. A total of 8 studies including 694 participants were analyzed. The cold application group assessed with the Verbal Descriptor Scale pain assessment tool showed significant reductions in pain intensity immediately after injection. Compared to the control group, the cold application group showed a reduction in the occurrence of bruises at 12 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after injection. There was no significant difference in the area of bruising in the cold application group at 48 hours after injection, but the area of bruising at 72 hours after injection was significantly reduced. These results show that cold application can reduce the incidence of pain and bruising after subcutaneous injection of low-molecular-weight heparin and reduce the area of bruising 72 hours after injection. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
为了评估在皮下注射低分子肝素后冷敷对疼痛和瘀斑的影响，检索了从数据库建立到 2019 年 6 月的 8 个电子数据库，以寻找随机对照试验和准实验研究。使用 Review Manager 5.3 软件进行异质性检验和荟萃分析。共分析了 8 项研究，包括 694 名参与者。使用视觉模拟评分工具评估疼痛的冷敷组在注射后即刻疼痛强度显著降低。与对照组相比，冷敷组在注射后 12 小时、24 小时和 48 小时瘀斑的发生率降低。注射后 48 小时，冷敷组的瘀斑面积无显著差异，但注射后 72 小时的瘀斑面积显著减少。这些结果表明，冷敷可降低皮下注射低分子肝素后疼痛和瘀斑的发生率，并可减少注射后 72 小时的瘀斑面积。需要更大样本量的进一步研究来证实这些发现。
