Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing from Poultry and Wild Birds (Sparrow) in Djelfa (Algeria), with Frequent Detection of CTX-M-14 in Sparrow.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat that is spreading more and more in both human and animal niches. This study investigates the antimicrobial resistance and virulence threats of isolates recovered from intestinal and fecal samples of 100 chickens, 60 turkeys, and 30 sparrows. Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates were recovered in 12 of the animals tested, selecting one isolate per positive animal: sparrow (eight isolates, 26.7%), turkey (three isolates, 5%), and chicken (one isolate, 1%). The isolates were ascribed to B1 and D phylogenetic groups. The gene was detected in all ESBL-producing isolates from sparrow. The (two isolates) and genes (one isolate) were detected in the isolates of turkey, and the gene in one isolate from broiler. Three lineages were revealed among the tested isolates (ST/phylogenetic group/type of ESBL/origin): ST117/D/CTX-M-1/broiler, ST4492 (CC405)/D/CTX-M-15/turkey, and ST602/B1/CTX-M-14/sparrow. All isolates were negative for , and virulence genes. Our findings provide evidence that the sparrow could be a vector in the dissemination of ESBL-producing isolates to other environments. This study also reports, to our knowledge, the first detection of from sparrow at a global level and in turkey in Algeria.