Viola Paolo, Girotti Pedro, Adriani Settimio, Ronchi Bruno, Zaccaroni Marco, Primi Riccardo
Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Florence, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Dec 11;12(24):3495. doi: 10.3390/ani12243495.
The knowledge of how wolves’ movement patterns and habitat selection are affected by habituation to persons after a period of veterinary isolation, treatment and non-agonistic experience with humans is scarce. Unnatural behaviours could be transferred by imitation to members of the pack and to subsequent generations, increasing direct interaction risks. We used GPS data from a rescued radio-collared female wolf after an 11-day rehabilitation to estimate home range, movement patterns, circadian rhythms, and habitat selection, searching for signals of eventual behavioural distortions. In the period 1 August−26 November 2013, 870 valid locations were acquired. The wolf moved within a minimum convex polygon (95%) of 6541.1 ha (79% wooded), avoiding anthropized areas. Nocturnal and diurnal displacements were significantly different (p < 0.01). Nocturnal displacements were 4409.4 ± 617.5 m during summer and 3684.8 ± 468.1 m during autumn, without differences between seasons. Diurnal movements were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the summer (2239.0 ± 329.0 m) than in the autumn (595.9 ± 110.3 m), when the hunting season was running. As for a wild wolf, clear complementarity concerning human activities was recorded and no habituation signals were detected, but this is only a first case study that aims to be a stimulus for further research and a call for widespread data sharing.
关于狼在经过一段时间的兽医隔离、治疗以及与人类的非对抗性接触后，其活动模式和栖息地选择如何受到对人的习惯化影响的知识十分匮乏。非自然行为可能会通过模仿传递给狼群成员以及后代，从而增加直接互动风险。我们使用了一只获救的、佩戴无线电项圈的雌性狼在经过11天康复后的GPS数据，来估计其家域、活动模式、昼夜节律和栖息地选择，寻找最终行为扭曲的信号。在2013年8月1日至11月26日期间，获取了870个有效位置。这只狼在一个面积为6541.1公顷（79%为林地）的最小凸多边形（95%）内活动，避开了人为区域。夜间和白天的位移存在显著差异（p < 0.01）。夏季夜间位移为4409.4 ± 617.5米，秋季为3684.8 ± 468.1米，季节间无差异。在狩猎季节的秋季，白天的移动距离（595.9 ± 110.3米）显著低于夏季（2239.0 ± 329.0米）（p < 0.01）。对于一只野狼而言，记录到了其与人类活动的明显互补性，且未检测到习惯化信号，但这只是一个初步的案例研究，旨在为进一步研究提供刺激，并呼吁广泛的数据共享。
