Torretta Elisa, Caviglia Luca, Serafini Matteo, Meriggi Alberto
Di.S.T.A., Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, Pavia 27100, Italy.
Curr Zool. 2018 Jun;64(3):271-275. doi: 10.1093/cz/zox031. Epub 2017 May 8.
Based on data collected along the Ligurian Apennines and Alps (N-W Italy), we analysed the main environmental and human-related factors influencing the distribution of kill sites of the wolf . We mapped and digitized 62 kill sites collected during 2007-2016. Around each kill site, we defined a buffer corresponding to the potential hunting area of wolves. We compared kill site plots and an equal number of random plots. We formulated a model of kill site distribution following an approach presence versus availability by binary logistic regression analysis; we tested the hypothesis that wolf choice of kill sites is influenced by the physiography and the land use of the area. Among the preyed wild ungulates, we identified 23 roe deer , 18 fallow deer , 16 wild boars , and 5 chamois . Binary logistic regression analysis showed a negative effect of the road density, the urban areas, the mixed forests, and a positive effect of steep slopes and open habitats. Prey are more vulnerable to predators under certain conditions and predators are capable of selecting for these conditions. Wolves achieved this by selecting particular habitats in which to kill their prey: they preferred steep, open habitats far from human presence, where wild ungulates are more easily detectable and chasable.
基于在利古里亚亚平宁山脉和阿尔卑斯山（意大利西北部）收集的数据，我们分析了影响狼捕杀地点分布的主要环境因素和与人类相关的因素。我们绘制了2007年至2016年期间收集的62个捕杀地点的地图并进行数字化处理。在每个捕杀地点周围，我们划定了一个与狼的潜在狩猎区域相对应的缓冲区。我们比较了捕杀地点地块和数量相等的随机地块。我们通过二元逻辑回归分析，采用存在与可利用性的方法，建立了一个捕杀地点分布模型；我们检验了狼对捕杀地点的选择受该地区地貌和土地利用影响这一假设。在被捕食的野生有蹄类动物中，我们识别出23只狍、18只黇鹿、16只野猪和5只岩羚羊。二元逻辑回归分析表明，道路密度、城市区域、混交林有负面影响，而陡坡和开阔栖息地有正面影响。猎物在某些条件下更容易受到捕食者的攻击，而捕食者能够选择这些条件。狼通过选择特定的栖息地来捕杀猎物来实现这一点：它们更喜欢远离人类的陡峭、开阔栖息地，在那里野生有蹄类动物更容易被发现和追捕。
