Liu Jiacheng, Xue Min, Morais Sofia, He Maolong, Wang Hao, Wang Jie, Pastor Jose J, Gonçalves Rui A, Liang Xiaofang
National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Animal Science Unit, Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Dec 7;11(12):2415. doi: 10.3390/antiox11122415.
A 10-week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of a phytogenic feed additive (PFA) containing olive by-products and green tea extracts supplemented to a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet on the growth performance, hepatic antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and liver health of largemouth bass (). Three experimental diets were tested: (1) a control high fishmeal (40%) and low soybean meal (15.57%) diet (named HFM), (2) a reduced fishmeal (30%) and high soybean meal (30.97%) diet (named HSB), and (3) a HSB diet supplemented with the PFA at 500 mg/kg (named HSB+P). Each diet was assigned to four replicate tanks, each containing 30 largemouth bass (initial body weight, IBW = 48.33 ± 0.01 g). The results showed that increasing the soybean meal content in the diet did not negatively affect growth performance, whereas supplementation with PFA significantly increased weight gain and specific growth rate of largemouth bass compared to both HFM and HSB groups. Reducing fishmeal and increasing soybean meal in the diet caused oxidative stress with a higher content of ROS in the liver. However, the hepatic antioxidant capacity was enhanced, with reduced ROS and increased GSH-Px levels in the HSB+P group. Moreover, the decrease of plasma TG, LDL-C, and LDL-C/TC, and downregulation of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis gene expression in liver, indicated that supplementation with the PFA improved fish lipid metabolism. Protein retention efficiency was also significantly increased in largemouth bass fed the diet with PFA supplementation, which regulated (enhanced) AKT-mTOR phosphorylation. These results clearly indicated that a PFA containing olive by-product and green tea extracts can positively improve growth performance, protein retention efficiency, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass fed a reduced fishmeal/high soybean meal diet.
进行了一项为期10周的生长试验，以研究在低鱼粉/高豆粕日粮中添加含有橄榄副产品和绿茶提取物的植物源饲料添加剂（PFA）对大口黑鲈生长性能、肝脏抗氧化能力、脂质代谢和肝脏健康的影响。测试了三种实验日粮：（1）对照高鱼粉（40%）和低豆粕（15.57%）日粮（命名为HFM），（2）低鱼粉（30%）和高豆粕（30.97%）日粮（命名为HSB），以及（3）添加500 mg/kg PFA的HSB日粮（命名为HSB+P）。每种日粮分配到四个重复水箱中，每个水箱装有30尾大口黑鲈（初始体重，IBW = 48.33±0.01 g）。结果表明，日粮中豆粕含量的增加对生长性能没有负面影响，而与HFM和HSB组相比，添加PFA显著提高了大口黑鲈的体重增加和特定生长率。日粮中鱼粉减少和豆粕增加导致氧化应激，肝脏中ROS含量更高。然而，HSB+P组肝脏抗氧化能力增强，ROS减少，GSH-Px水平升高。此外，血浆TG、LDL-C和LDL-C/TC的降低，以及肝脏中脂肪生成和胆固醇合成基因表达的下调，表明添加PFA改善了鱼类脂质代谢。在添加PFA的日粮喂养的大口黑鲈中，蛋白质保留效率也显著提高，这调节（增强）了AKT-mTOR磷酸化。这些结果清楚地表明，含有橄榄副产品和绿茶提取物的PFA可以积极改善低鱼粉/高豆粕日粮喂养的大口黑鲈的生长性能、蛋白质保留效率、抗氧化能力和脂质代谢。
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