CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Mucosal Immunol. 2022 May;15(5):846-856. doi: 10.1038/s41385-022-00547-2. Epub 2022 Jul 12.
Dietary fatty acids are absorbed through the intestine and are fundamental for cellular energy provision and structural formation. Dietary fatty acids profoundly affect intestinal immunity and influence the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease, intestinal infections and tumors. Although different types of fatty acids exert differential roles in intestinal immunity, a western diet, rich in saturated fatty acids with abundant carbohydrates and studied as high-fat diet (HFD) in animal experiments, disturbs intestinal homeostasis and plays a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammatory diseases. Here, we review recent findings on the regulation of intestinal immunity by dietary fatty acids, focusing on HFD. We summarize HFD-altered immune responses leading to susceptibility to intestinal pathology and dissect the mechanisms involving the impact of HFD on immune cells, intestinal epithelial cells and the microbiota. Understanding the perturbation of intestinal immunity by HFD will provide new strategies for prevention and treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases.
膳食脂肪酸通过肠道吸收，对细胞能量供应和结构形成至关重要。膳食脂肪酸深刻影响肠道免疫，并影响炎症性肠病、肠道感染和肿瘤的发生和发展。尽管不同类型的脂肪酸在肠道免疫中发挥不同的作用，但富含饱和脂肪酸、碳水化合物丰富的西方饮食（动物实验中称为高脂肪饮食，HFD）扰乱了肠道内环境平衡，并在肠道炎症性疾病中发挥致病作用。在这里，我们综述了膳食脂肪酸对肠道免疫的调控作用，重点关注 HFD。我们总结了 HFD 改变免疫反应，导致易患肠道病理，并剖析了 HFD 对免疫细胞、肠道上皮细胞和微生物群的影响的机制。了解 HFD 对肠道免疫的干扰将为预防和治疗肠道炎症性疾病提供新的策略。
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