Invasion Pattern of in the Native Range of in Vietnam Revealed by Biogeographic and Population Genetic Analysis.

Since its introduction to Asia, has coexisted with the native species and has been reported to transmit several infectious diseases. However, the development of efficient disease prevention and vector control is hindered by the relatively poor understanding of the biogeography and the genetic diversity of in the region. This study aimed to determine the invasion patterns of by evaluating the distribution and abundance of and in different climatic regions (northern temperate and southern tropical regions) and habitats (domestic, peri-domestic, and natural). We further analyzed the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of populations in Vietnam using mitochondrial gene sequences. Both species were observed at most of the study sites, but only thrived in northern mountainous areas. In sympatric ranges, the individual abundance of the species was influenced by regional climate and habitats. The tropical climate and availability of domestic containers facilitated the dominance of , whereas temperate climates and natural breeding sites facilitated that of . In addition, many genetic polymorphisms were detected in the populations, which formed two distinct genetic groups; however, this genetic diversity is unlikely to be relevant to the invasive success of . These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and patterns of invasion, which depend on the climate and reproductive strategies in the native range of in Asia.