Kirtane Kedar, St John Maie, Fuentes-Bayne Harry, Patel Sandip P, Mardiros Armen, Xu Han, Ng Eric W, Go William Y, Wong Deborah J, Sunwoo John B, Welch John S
Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
Otolaryngology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
J Clin Med. 2022 Dec 7;11(24):7259. doi: 10.3390/jcm11247259.
Head and neck squamous cell cancers (HNSCCs) represent a diverse group of tumors emerging within different mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. HNSCCs share common clinical risk factors and genomic features, including smoking, alcohol, age, male sex, aneuploidy, and mutations. Viral initiating and contributing events are increasingly recognized in HNSCCs. While both Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) are observed, EBV is more frequently associated with nasopharyngeal cancers whereas HPV is associated with oropharyngeal cancers. HNSCCs are associated with high tumor mutational burden and loss of tumor suppressor gene function, especially in and X-linked genes. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that HNSCCs are subject to immunologic surveillance and immune-induced evolutionary pressure that correlate with negative clinical outcomes. This review will discuss genomic mechanisms related to immune-mediated pressures and propose prognostic and therapeutic implications of detectable immune escape mechanisms that drive tumorigenesis and disease progression.
头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是一类起源于口腔、鼻咽、口咽、喉和下咽不同黏膜表面的肿瘤。HNSCC具有共同的临床风险因素和基因组特征，包括吸烟、饮酒、年龄、男性、非整倍体和突变。病毒引发和促成事件在HNSCC中越来越受到认可。虽然EB病毒（EBV）和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）都有发现，但EBV更常与鼻咽癌相关，而HPV与口咽癌相关。HNSCC与高肿瘤突变负担和肿瘤抑制基因功能丧失有关，尤其是在常染色体和X连锁基因中。多条证据表明，HNSCC受到免疫监视和免疫诱导的进化压力，这与不良临床结果相关。本综述将讨论与免疫介导压力相关的基因组机制，并提出可检测到的免疫逃逸机制对肿瘤发生和疾病进展的预后及治疗意义。
