Fonseca Erica L, Morgado Sergio M, Caldart Raquel V, Vicente Ana Carolina
Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista 69300-000, RR, Brazil.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 15;10(12):2482. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122482.
Most of the extraintestinal human infections worldwide are caused by specific extraintestinal pathogenic (ExPEC) lineages, which also present a zoonotic character. One of these lineages belongs to ST38, a high-risk globally disseminated ExPEC. To get insights on the aspects of the global ST38 epidemiology and evolution as a multidrug-resistant and pathogenic lineage concerning the three axes of the One Health concept (humans, animals, and natural environments), this study performed a global phylogenomic analysis on ST38 genomes.
A phylogenetic reconstruction based on 376 ST38 genomes recovered from environments, humans, livestock, and wild and domestic animals in all continents throughout three decades was performed. The global information concerning the ST38 resistome and virulome was also approached by in silico analyses.
In general, the phylogenomic analyses corroborated the zoonotic character of the ExPEC ST38, since clonal strains were recovered from both animal and human sources distributed worldwide. Moreover, our findings revealed that, independent of host sources and geographic origin, the genomes were distributed in two major clades (Clades 1 and 2). However, the ST38 accessory genome was not strictly associated with clades and sub-clades, as found for the type 2 T3SS ETT2 that was evenly distributed throughout Clades 1 and 2. Of note was the presence of the -like high-pathogenicity island (HPI) exclusively in the major Clade 2, in which prevails most of the genomes from human origin recovered worldwide (2000 to 2020).
This evidence corroborates the HPI association with successful ST38 establishment in human infections.
全球大多数肠道外人类感染是由特定的肠道外致病性（ExPEC）谱系引起的，这些谱系也具有人畜共患病特征。其中一个谱系属于ST38，这是一种在全球广泛传播的高风险ExPEC。为了深入了解全球ST38作为一种耐多药和致病性谱系在“同一个健康”概念的三个轴（人类、动物和自然环境）方面的流行病学和进化情况，本研究对ST38基因组进行了全球系统发育基因组分析。
基于在三十年中从各大洲的环境、人类、家畜以及野生动物和家养动物中回收的376个ST38基因组进行了系统发育重建。还通过计算机分析探讨了有关ST38耐药组和毒力组的全球信息。
总体而言，系统发育基因组分析证实了ExPEC ST38的人畜共患病特征，因为从分布在世界各地的动物和人类来源中都回收了克隆菌株。此外，我们的研究结果表明，无论宿主来源和地理起源如何，基因组都分布在两个主要分支（分支1和分支2）中。然而，ST38辅助基因组并不严格与分支和亚分支相关，就像2型三型分泌系统ETT2那样均匀分布在分支1和分支2中。值得注意的是，类似的高致病性岛（HPI）仅存在于主要的分支2中，在该分支中，全球范围内（2000年至2020年）回收的大多数人类来源基因组占主导地位。
这一证据证实了HPI与ST38在人类感染中成功定植的关联。
