Delespaul P A, deVries M W
Department of Social Psychiatry, University of Limburg, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
J Nerv Ment Dis. 1987 Sep;175(9):537-44. doi: 10.1097/00005053-198709000-00005.
The purpose of this research is to describe in greater detail than is typically done the daily life experiences of 11 ambulatory chronic mental patients and 11 nonpsychiatric controls. The subjects, although diagnostically heterogeneous, were representative of Dutch chronic mental patients. The Experience-Sampling Method was used to signal subjects randomly 10 times a day for 6 consecutive days to fill out self-rating forms assessing mental state and contextual information at the moment of the signal. Compliance was good. In time-allocation comparisons with nonpsychiatric subjects the patients were found to live relatively "normal" lives. As expected, their psychopathology was influenced by social environments such as being alone, at home, or in society at large. Contrary to other studies that stress the social isolation of such individuals, the chronic subjects reported feeling better away from home and among people than normal subjects. When alone, chronic patients reported daydreaming more and noted a tendency to drift away from thoughts about current activities. Mental state fluctuations and daily interactions, characteristic of this group, are examined in relation to theories of vulnerability and coping style of chronic mental patients, with an eye to individualized treatment applications.
本研究的目的是比以往更详细地描述11名门诊慢性精神病患者和11名非精神病对照者的日常生活经历。这些受试者虽然诊断结果各异，但代表了荷兰慢性精神病患者群体。采用经验取样法，连续6天每天随机向受试者发出10次信号，让他们填写自评表格，评估信号发出时的精神状态和背景信息。依从性良好。在与非精神病受试者的时间分配比较中，发现这些患者过着相对“正常”的生活。正如预期的那样，他们的精神病理学受到诸如独处、在家或身处社会等社会环境的影响。与其他强调此类个体社会隔离的研究相反，慢性患者报告称，与正常受试者相比，他们在离家和与人相处时感觉更好。独处时，慢性患者报告称白日梦更多，并指出有从当前活动的思绪中游离的倾向。结合慢性精神病患者的易感性和应对方式理论，对该群体特有的精神状态波动和日常互动进行了研究，以期应用于个性化治疗。
