Five years' experience with continuous ambulatory or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis in children.

In 93 children, end-stage renal disease was treated with the new dialytic methods of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) over 5 years. Modality survival rates at 36 months with CAPD, CCPD, or both were 20%, 93%, and 87%, respectively. Use of CCPD as the primary dilaytic method increased during the study period. The peritonitis rate was one episode per 11.8 patient treatment months and was similar with both CAPD and CCPD. Gram-positive organisms were cultured in 34% of these episodes of peritonitis. Staphylococcus aureus peritonitis was associated with a recurrence rate of 40% and led to catheter replacement in 45% of the episodes. Peritoneal membrane failure necessitating switching to hemodialysis was related to peritonitis in three patients. Of the 74 peritoneal catheters that required replacement, 70% were infected. Serial serum levels of urea nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, and alkaline phosphatase remained stable, whereas serum creatinine level rose slightly over time. Episodes of hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were observed at a frequency of one episode per 12.2, 4.6, and 2.5 treatment months, respectively. Blood transfusions were required in once per 1.5 and 3.3 treatment months in seven anephric patients and in 35 patients with their own kidneys, respectively (P = 0.05). In prepubertal patients who received CAPD or CCPD for greater than 1 year, little or no improvement in growth occurred in relationship to either chronologic or bone age.