School of Nursing, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2023 Feb;31(2):412-422. doi: 10.1002/oby.23659. Epub 2022 Dec 23.
The incidence of women entering into pregnancy with BMI indicating overweight or obesity is rising with concurrent increases in adverse complications such as gestational diabetes. Although several studies have examined the compositional changes to the microbiome across BMI classifications, there has been no investigation regarding changes in microbial function during pregnancy.
A total of 105 gastrointestinal microbiome biospecimens were used in this analysis. Biospecimens were sequenced by using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 shotgun metagenomics platform.
Findings indicate an enrichment in microbiota from the phylum Firmicutes across all pregravid BMI groups with a decrease in α diversity in groups with BMI indicating obesity or overweight compared with a group with BMI indicating normal weight (p = 0.02). More specifically, women with BMI indicating obesity or overweight had enrichment in Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. adolescentis. Women with BMI > 25 kg/m had a higher abundance of microbiota that support biotin synthesis and regulate epithelial cells in the lower gastrointestinal tract. These epithelial cells are responsible for host adaptability to dietary lipid variation and caloric absorption.
Our analysis suggests that there are differences in microbial composition and function between BMI groups. Future research should consider how these changes contribute to specific clinical outcomes during pregnancy.
随着妊娠合并糖尿病等不良并发症的发生率增加，体重指数（BMI）显示超重或肥胖的女性进入妊娠的比例也在上升。尽管已有多项研究探讨了 BMI 分类中微生物组的组成变化，但尚未有关于妊娠期间微生物功能变化的研究。
本研究共使用了 105 个胃肠道微生物组生物样本。生物样本通过 Illumina NovaSeq 6000 shotgun 宏基因组学平台进行测序。
研究结果表明，所有妊娠前 BMI 组的厚壁菌门微生物丰度增加，与 BMI 正常组相比，BMI 超重或肥胖组的 α 多样性降低（p=0.02）。更具体地说，BMI 超重或肥胖的女性双歧杆菌属和青春双歧杆菌属丰度增加。BMI＞25kg/m 的女性具有更多支持生物素合成和调节下消化道上皮细胞的微生物。这些上皮细胞负责宿主对饮食脂质变化和热量吸收的适应性。
我们的分析表明，BMI 组之间的微生物组成和功能存在差异。未来的研究应考虑这些变化如何影响妊娠期间的特定临床结局。
