Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki and New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2234656. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2234656.
Past decades have witnessed a decrease in environmental biodiversity. We hypothesized a similar decrease in indigenous gut microbiota diversity, which may have contributed to the obesity epidemic.
To investigate the changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota in pregnant women over a period of 20 years.
Altogether 124 pregnant women (41 overweight and matched 83 normal weight) pregnant in 1997, 2007 or 2017 were included in the study. The gut microbiota composition was assessed from fecal samples obtained at 32 weeks of gestation by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fecal short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).
Distinct gut microbiota profiles were detected in pregnant women from 1997, 2007 and 2017 (PERMANOVA Bray-Curtis R = 0.029, = 0.001). The women pregnant in 1997 exhibited significantly higher microbiota richness and diversity as compared to those pregnant in 2007 and 2017. The total concentration of fecal SCFAs was significantly higher in the pregnant women in 1997 compared to those in 2007 and 2017. Significant differences in gut microbiota composition between normal weight and overweight women were manifest in 1997 but not in 2007 or 2017.
The decrease in intestinal microbiota richness and diversity over two decades occurred in parallel with the decline in biodiversity in our natural surroundings. It appears that the gut microbiota of pregnant women has changed over time to a composition typical for overweight individuals.
过去几十年见证了环境生物多样性的减少。我们假设，本土肠道微生物多样性也出现了类似的减少，这可能导致了肥胖症的流行。
研究 20 年间孕妇肠道微生物群组成和功能的变化。
本研究共纳入了 1997 年、2007 年和 2017 年怀孕的 124 名孕妇（41 名超重，83 名体重正常，配对）。在妊娠 32 周时，通过 16S rRNA 基因测序从粪便样本中评估肠道微生物群组成。通过气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）测量粪便短链脂肪酸（SCFA）谱。
1997 年、2007 年和 2017 年孕妇的肠道微生物群谱明显不同（PERMANOVA Bray-Curtis R=0.029，p=0.001）。与 2007 年和 2017 年相比，1997 年怀孕的孕妇肠道微生物群丰富度和多样性显著更高。1997 年怀孕的孕妇粪便中 SCFA 的总浓度明显高于 2007 年和 2017 年。1997 年正常体重和超重孕妇的肠道微生物群组成存在显著差异，但 2007 年和 2017 年没有。
20 年来，肠道微生物群丰富度和多样性的减少与我们自然环境中生物多样性的下降同时发生。看来，孕妇肠道微生物群的组成随着时间的推移已经发生了变化，变得与超重个体的组成相似。
