Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), Görlitz, D-02826, Germany.
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, D-01328, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2022 Dec 23;13(1):7911. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-35578-7.
The experimental investigation of matter under extreme densities and temperatures, as in astrophysical objects and nuclear fusion applications, constitutes one of the most active frontiers at the interface of material science, plasma physics, and engineering. The central obstacle is given by the rigorous interpretation of the experimental results, as even the diagnosis of basic parameters like the temperature T is rendered difficult at these extreme conditions. Here, we present a simple, approximation-free method to extract the temperature of arbitrarily complex materials in thermal equilibrium from X-ray Thomson scattering experiments, without the need for any simulations or an explicit deconvolution. Our paradigm can be readily implemented at modern facilities and corresponding experiments will have a profound impact on our understanding of warm dense matter and beyond, and open up a variety of appealing possibilities in the context of thermonuclear fusion, laboratory astrophysics, and related disciplines.
极端密度和温度下物质的实验研究，如天体物理物体和核聚变应用，构成了材料科学、等离子体物理和工程界面上最活跃的前沿领域之一。中心障碍是对实验结果的严格解释，即使是像温度 T 这样的基本参数的诊断在这些极端条件下也变得困难。在这里，我们提出了一种简单的、无近似的方法，从 X 射线汤姆逊散射实验中提取任意复杂材料在热平衡时的温度，而无需任何模拟或显式解卷积。我们的范例可以很容易地在现代设施中实现，相应的实验将对我们对温稠密物质的理解产生深远的影响，并在热核聚变、实验室天体物理学和相关学科中开辟各种有吸引力的可能性。
