Biocamp Laboratories Ltda., Campinas, Brazil.
Department of Inspection of Animal Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), Brasília, Brazil.
Poult Sci. 2023 Feb;102(2):102401. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102401. Epub 2022 Dec 9.
In this descriptive study, we used metagenomics to analyze the relationship between the morphological aspects of chicken feces and its respective bacterial compositions. The microbiota composition was determined by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA genes collected from fresh broiler feces at 19 d old. In total, 48 samples were collected and divided into 8 groups of 6 samples each. The morphological changes studied were feed passage (FP) and reddish mucus (RM). Each was classified into 3 levels of intensity: 1 (slight), 2 (moderate), or 3 (intense). Thus, the 8 groups studied were feed passage (FP-1; FP-2; FP-3), reddish mucus (RM-1; RM-2; RM-3), normal ileal feces (NIF), and cecal discharge (CD). The alpha diversity (Shannon's index) revealed that the CD group showed greater diversity, and was significantly different from FP-2, FP-3, and RM-1. The beta diversity showed that the CD group samples were more homogeneous than the ileal feces groups. The relative abundance analysis revealed that Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in the ileal feces groups. In CD, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant. The relative abundance at the genus level revealed 136 different bacterial genera. In the ileal feces groups, the two most abundant genera were Lactobacillus and Escherichia/Shigella, except in the FP-1 and RM-2 groups, which had the opposite order. Unlike the others, the CD group had a higher abundance of Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium. When comparing the NIF group with the others, significant changes were found in the fecal microbiota, with nine genera for the FP groups, 19 for the RM groups, and 61 when compared to CD. The results of the present study suggest that evaluation of fecal morphology is a fundamental task that makes it possible to act quickly and assertively, as the morphological aspects of the feces may be related to the composition and structure of fecal microbiota.
在这项描述性研究中，我们使用宏基因组学来分析鸡粪便的形态特征与其各自细菌组成之间的关系。通过对 19 日龄新鲜肉鸡粪便中 V4 区 16S rRNA 基因进行测序来确定微生物群落组成。总共收集了 48 个样本，并分为 8 组，每组 6 个样本。研究的形态变化是饲料通过（Feed Passage，FP）和红色粘液（Reddish Mucus，RM）。每个都分为 3 个强度级别：1（轻微）、2（中度）或 3（强烈）。因此，研究的 8 个组是饲料通过（FP-1；FP-2；FP-3）、红色粘液（RM-1；RM-2；RM-3）、正常回肠粪便（Normal Ileal Feces，NIF）和盲肠排出物（Cecal Discharge，CD）。alpha 多样性（Shannon 指数）显示，CD 组的多样性更大，与 FP-2、FP-3 和 RM-1 有显著差异。beta 多样性显示，CD 组的样本比回肠粪便组更均匀。相对丰度分析表明，厚壁菌门和变形菌门是回肠粪便组中最丰富的菌门。在 CD 中，厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门是最丰富的。在属水平的相对丰度分析揭示了 136 个不同的细菌属。在回肠粪便组中，两个最丰富的属是乳酸杆菌属和大肠杆菌/志贺氏菌属，除了 FP-1 和 RM-2 组，这两个组的顺序相反。与其他组不同的是，CD 组有更高丰度的拟杆菌属和粪杆菌属。与其他组相比，当比较 NIF 组时，粪便微生物群发生了显著变化，FP 组有 9 个属，RM 组有 19 个属，与 CD 相比有 61 个属。本研究结果表明，粪便形态的评估是一项基本任务，它可以使我们能够快速而果断地采取行动，因为粪便的形态特征可能与粪便微生物群落的组成和结构有关。
