Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Dev Psychobiol. 2023 Jan;65(1):e22354. doi: 10.1002/dev.22354.
While extensive research has supported the developmental programming hypothesis regarding contributions of prenatal psychosocial or nutritional adversity to offspring stress physiology, fewer studies consider both exposures together with maternal stress physiology. This study examined newborn cortisol output during a stressor as a function of maternal pre-pregnancy health status and nutritional history (pre-pregnancy body mass index [PPBMI]), economic resources (household income), and maternal cortisol awakening response (mCAR) in late pregnancy. Participants were 102 mother-infant pairs from an economically and racial/ethnically diverse sample. Offspring salivary cortisol response to a neurobehavioral exam was assessed at 1 month. Income and maternal PPBMI were positively associated with mCAR in late pregnancy. mCAR was positively related to 1-month newborn cortisol response. The interaction of income and PPBMI was positively associated with newborn cortisol output during an exam at 1-month. Mothers with the highest PPBMI and lowest income had offspring with higher cortisol responses than offspring of mothers with higher income and lower PPBMI. There was no evidence of indirect mediation effects of predictors (PPBMI, income, and interaction) on infant cortisol via mCAR. The differential effects of the interaction of PPBMI and income suggest that these exposures influence infant cortisol output in the context of one another, independent of maternal pregnancy cortisol.
虽然大量研究支持了关于产前心理社会或营养逆境对后代应激生理学贡献的发育编程假说，但很少有研究同时考虑这两种暴露以及母体应激生理学。本研究考察了母亲怀孕前健康状况和营养史（怀孕前体重指数[PPBMI]）、经济资源（家庭收入）和母亲怀孕后期皮质醇觉醒反应（mCAR）与新生儿皮质醇分泌之间的关系。参与者是来自经济和种族/民族多样化样本的 102 对母婴。在 1 个月时，通过神经行为检查评估了后代唾液皮质醇反应。收入和母亲的 PPBMI 与怀孕后期的 mCAR 呈正相关。mCAR 与 1 个月大的新生儿皮质醇反应呈正相关。收入和 PPBMI 的相互作用与 1 个月大时检查时新生儿皮质醇的输出呈正相关。PPBMI 最高、收入最低的母亲所生的婴儿皮质醇反应高于收入较高、PPBMI 较低的母亲所生的婴儿。没有证据表明预测因子（PPBMI、收入和相互作用）通过 mCAR 对婴儿皮质醇产生间接中介效应。PPBMI 和收入相互作用的差异效应表明，这些暴露在相互作用的情况下影响婴儿皮质醇的分泌，而与母体妊娠皮质醇无关。
