Cai Jingjing, Shao Lin, Zhao Shilong, Liu Wen, Liu Peng
Department of Nutrition, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 8;9:1073576. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1073576. eCollection 2022.
Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide. Diet management is an important means of weight loss. The aim of this study was to explore the improvement effect of a calorie-restricted diet (CRD), 5 + 2 intermittent fasting (5 + 2 IF), and high protein diet (HPD) on weight composition and serum lipid level of overweight and obese people in a short period (3 months).
Fifty-three participants aged 18-60 years and with body mass index (BMI) ranging from 24 to 35 kg/m were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., CRD, 5 + 2 IF, and HPD. Basic information, body composition, and venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Body composition was measured using a body composition analyzer (SK-V9), and serum lipids were assayed using the Roche Cobas e702 automatic biochemistry analysis system. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to analyze and compare the repeated measurements of body composition and levels of serum lipids.
The results showed that total weight, BMI, body fat mass, muscle mass, visceral fat index, and waist and hip circumferences had significantly decreased in all three groups after 3 months of intervention, and the average weight loss was 3.3 ± 1.14, 4.12 ± 0.05, and 2.62 ± 0.13 kg in CRD, 5 + 2 IF, and HPD groups, respectively. The results of the GEE model indicated that compared with the CRD group, the 5 + 2 IF group showed a more significant decrease in weight (β = -0.272, < 0.001), BMI (β = -0.091, < 0.001), body fat mass (β = -0.172, < 0.001), muscle (β = -0.043, < 0.001), and visceral fat index (β = -0.019, < 0.001), however, HPD has more advantages in visceral fat index loss (β = -0.011, < 0.001) and lean body mass preserve (β = 0.229, < 0.001).
Our findings showed that the 5 + 2 IF may be more effective in reducing total weight and body fat, and HPD may be more helpful in preventing lean body mass loss during a short-term weight loss intervention.
肥胖已成为全球主要的健康问题。饮食管理是减肥的重要手段。本研究旨在探讨限能量饮食（CRD）、5+2间歇性禁食（5+2 IF）和高蛋白饮食（HPD）在短期内（3个月）对超重和肥胖人群体重构成及血脂水平的改善效果。
筛选出53名年龄在18至60岁、体重指数（BMI）在24至35 kg/m之间的参与者，根据纳入和排除标准将其随机分为三组，即CRD组、5+2 IF组和HPD组。在基线期和干预3个月后收集基本信息、身体成分和静脉血样本。使用人体成分分析仪（SK-V9）测量身体成分，采用罗氏Cobas e702自动生化分析系统检测血脂。采用广义估计方程（GEE）分析和比较身体成分和血脂水平的重复测量数据。
结果显示，干预3个月后，三组的总体重、BMI、体脂肪量、肌肉量、内脏脂肪指数以及腰围和臀围均显著下降，CRD组、5+2 IF组和HPD组的平均体重减轻分别为3.3±1.14、4.12±0.05和2.62±0.13 kg。GEE模型结果表明，与CRD组相比，5+2 IF组在体重（β=-0.272，P<0.001）、BMI（β=-0.091，P<0.001）、体脂肪量（β=-0.172，P<0.001）、肌肉量（β=-0.043，P<0.001）和内脏脂肪指数（β=-0.019，P<0.001）方面下降更为显著，然而，HPD在降低内脏脂肪指数（β=-0.011，P<0.001）和保留瘦体重（β=0.229，P<0.001）方面更具优势。
我们的研究结果表明，5+2 IF在短期内减轻总体重和体脂肪方面可能更有效，而HPD在短期减肥干预期间可能更有助于防止瘦体重流失。
