Bobbert M F, Huijing P A, van Ingen Schenau G J
Department of Functional Anatomy, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1987 Aug;19(4):332-8.
In the literature, drop jumping is advocated as an effective exercise for athletes who prepare themselves for explosive activities. When executing drop jumps, different jumping techniques can be used. In this study, the influence of jumping technique on the biomechanics of jumping is investigated. Ten subjects executed drop jumps from a height of 20 cm and counter-movement jumps. For the execution of the drop jumps, two different techniques were adopted. The first technique, referred to as bounce drop jump, required the subjects to reverse the downward velocity into an upward one as soon as possible after landing. The second technique, referred to as counter-movement drop jump, required them to do this more gradually by making a larger downward movement. During jumping, the subjects were filmed, ground reaction forces were registered, and electromyograms were recorded. The results of a biomechanical analysis show that moments and power output about knee and ankle joints reach larger values during the drop jumps than during counter-movement jumps. The largest values were attained during bounce drop jumps. Based on this finding, it was hypothesized that bounce drop jump is better suited than counter-movement drop jump for athletes who seek to improve the mechanical output of knee extensors and plantar flexors. Researchers are, therefore, advised to control jumping technique when investigating training effects of executing drop jumps.
在文献中，下落跳被倡导为一种对为爆发性活动做准备的运动员有效的训练方式。在进行下落跳时，可以采用不同的跳跃技术。在本研究中，研究了跳跃技术对跳跃生物力学的影响。十名受试者从20厘米的高度进行下落跳和反向运动跳。对于下落跳的执行，采用了两种不同的技术。第一种技术，称为反弹下落跳，要求受试者在落地后尽快将向下的速度转变为向上的速度。第二种技术，称为反向运动下落跳，要求他们通过更大幅度的向下运动来更缓慢地完成这个转变。在跳跃过程中，对受试者进行拍摄，记录地面反作用力，并记录肌电图。生物力学分析结果表明，下落跳过程中膝关节和踝关节的力矩和功率输出比反向运动跳时更大。在反弹下落跳过程中达到最大值。基于这一发现，有人推测对于那些试图提高膝关节伸肌和跖屈肌机械输出的运动员来说，反弹下落跳比反向运动下落跳更合适。因此，建议研究人员在研究进行下落跳的训练效果时控制跳跃技术。
