Athar Habib-Ur-Rehman, Zulfiqar Faisal, Moosa Anam, Ashraf Muhammad, Zafar Zafar Ullah, Zhang Lixin, Ahmed Nadeem, Kalaji Hazem M, Nafees Muhammad, Hossain Mohammad Anwar, Islam Mohammad Sohidul, El Sabagh Ayman, Siddique Kadambot H M
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Dec 16;13:999058. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.999058. eCollection 2022.
Salinity stress is considered the most devastating abiotic stress for crop productivity. Accumulating different types of soluble proteins has evolved as a vital strategy that plays a central regulatory role in the growth and development of plants subjected to salt stress. In the last two decades, efforts have been undertaken to critically examine the genome structure and functions of the transcriptome in plants subjected to salinity stress. Although genomics and transcriptomics studies indicate physiological and biochemical alterations in plants, it do not reflect changes in the amount and type of proteins corresponding to gene expression at the transcriptome level. In addition, proteins are a more reliable determinant of salt tolerance than simple gene expression as they play major roles in shaping physiological traits in salt-tolerant phenotypes. However, little information is available on salt stress-responsive proteins and their possible modes of action in conferring salinity stress tolerance. In addition, a complete proteome profile under normal or stress conditions has not been established yet for any model plant species. Similarly, a complete set of low abundant and key stress regulatory proteins in plants has not been identified. Furthermore, insufficient information on post-translational modifications in salt stress regulatory proteins is available. Therefore, in recent past, studies focused on exploring changes in protein expression under salt stress, which will complement genomic, transcriptomic, and physiological studies in understanding mechanism of salt tolerance in plants. This review focused on recent studies on proteome profiling in plants subjected to salinity stress, and provide synthesis of updated literature about how salinity regulates various salt stress proteins involved in the plant salt tolerance mechanism. This review also highlights the recent reports on regulation of salt stress proteins using transgenic approaches with enhanced salt stress tolerance in crops.
盐胁迫被认为是对作物生产力最具破坏性的非生物胁迫。积累不同类型的可溶性蛋白质已演变成一种至关重要的策略，在遭受盐胁迫的植物生长发育中发挥着核心调节作用。在过去二十年中，人们致力于严格审查遭受盐胁迫的植物转录组的基因组结构和功能。尽管基因组学和转录组学研究表明植物存在生理和生化变化，但它并未反映转录组水平上与基因表达相对应的蛋白质数量和类型的变化。此外，蛋白质比简单的基因表达更可靠地决定耐盐性，因为它们在塑造耐盐表型的生理特征中起主要作用。然而，关于盐胁迫响应蛋白及其赋予盐胁迫耐受性的可能作用模式的信息很少。此外，尚未为任何模式植物物种建立正常或胁迫条件下的完整蛋白质组图谱。同样，尚未鉴定出植物中一整套低丰度和关键的胁迫调节蛋白。此外，关于盐胁迫调节蛋白的翻译后修饰的信息也不足。因此，最近的研究集中在探索盐胁迫下蛋白质表达的变化，这将补充基因组学、转录组学和生理学研究，以了解植物的耐盐机制。本综述重点关注了遭受盐胁迫的植物蛋白质组分析的最新研究，并综合了有关盐度如何调节参与植物耐盐机制的各种盐胁迫蛋白的最新文献。本综述还强调了最近关于使用转基因方法调节盐胁迫蛋白以增强作物耐盐性的报道。
