Oliván-Blázquez Bárbara, Bartolomé-Moreno Cruz, Gericó-Aseguinolaza Junkal, Méndez-López Fátima, Lerma-Irureta David, Lamiquiz-Moneo Itziar, Fernández-Martínez Selene, Magallón-Botaya Rosa
Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Group B21-20R, Health Research Institute of Aragon (IISA), Zaragoza, Spain.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Dec 14;9:1040062. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1040062. eCollection 2022.
A method of determining the initial symptoms and main prognostic identifiers for COVID-19 can be a key tool for physicians, especially primary care physicians. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 from two different demographic regions according to baseline and main symptoms, age, and sex.
All individuals selected from both urban and rural health centers were over 18 years of age, had COVID-19 before 2 March 2021, and were followed up with a primary care physician. All patients included in this study were recruited in terms of sex, age at the time of infection, type of contact, baseline symptoms, primary and secondary symptomatology, emergency assistance, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death.
A total of 219 and 214 subjects were recruited from rural and urban health centers, respectively. Subjects with COVID-19 from rural areas were significantly older in age, with a higher proportion of men, and had significantly lower baseline and main symptoms than those from urban areas. In addition, the presence of both fever and dyspnea as the initial or main symptom is significantly associated with emergency assistance, hospitalization, and death, regardless of sex, age, and demographic area. This type of illness was reported to be significantly less frequent in the rural population than in the urban population.
The presence of both fever and dyspnea as both initial and main symptoms is a poor prognostic factor for COVID-19, regardless of age, sex, and demographic areas. In addition, women reported lower levels of fever and dyspnea, requiring minimal emergency assistance and fewer hospitalization, and a lower rate of mortality than men. During a COVID-19 infection follow-up, subjects in rural areas seem to have less access to medical care than those in urban areas.
确定新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）初始症状和主要预后指标的方法可能是医生尤其是初级保健医生的关键工具。因此，本研究的目的是根据基线和主要症状、年龄及性别，研究来自两个不同人口统计学区域的COVID-19患者的预后情况。
从城市和农村医疗中心选取的所有个体均年满18岁，于2021年3月2日前感染了COVID-19，并由初级保健医生进行随访。本研究纳入的所有患者均按照性别、感染时年龄、接触类型、基线症状、主要和次要症状、紧急救助、住院情况、重症监护病房（ICU）收治情况及死亡情况进行招募。
分别从农村和城市医疗中心招募了219名和214名受试者。来自农村地区的COVID-19受试者年龄显著更大，男性比例更高，且基线和主要症状显著低于来自城市地区的受试者。此外，无论性别、年龄和人口统计学区域如何，发热和呼吸困难同时作为初始或主要症状与紧急救助、住院和死亡显著相关。据报告，这种疾病在农村人口中的发病率明显低于城市人口。
无论年龄、性别和人口统计学区域如何，发热和呼吸困难同时作为初始和主要症状是COVID-19预后不良的因素。此外，女性报告的发热和呼吸困难程度较低，需要的紧急救助最少，住院次数较少，死亡率也低于男性。在COVID-19感染随访期间，农村地区的受试者获得医疗服务的机会似乎比城市地区的受试者少。
