Pedersen F A, Suwalsky J T, Cain R L, Zaslow M J, Rabinovich B A
Child and Family Research Section, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Psychiatry. 1987 Aug;50(3):193-205. doi: 10.1080/00332747.1987.11024352.
Observations of father-infant interaction in the home environment at age one year were compared for two groups of infants that in the months preceding the observations differed in the amount of experience they had with their fathers when the mother was outside the home. The sample consisted of 46 middle-class families, each with a first-born infant (23 males, 23 females). Estimates of the amount of experience the father had with the infant when the mother was outside the home were obtained from detailed maternal interviews that addressed all mother-infant separations. At one year, fathers who provided more extensive care in the absence of the mother showed a higher degree of breadth or variety in their patterns of engaging the infant and higher rates of behavior directed to the infant. These infants showed higher rates of responding to their fathers and more frequent instances of exploratory behavior. Distinctive patterns of differences were evident in the behavior of fathers and infants who had contrasting amounts of experience with each other in social contexts without the mother.
对两组一岁婴儿在家庭环境中父亲与婴儿互动的观察结果进行了比较，这两组婴儿在观察前几个月里，当母亲不在家时，他们与父亲相处的时长不同。样本包括46个中产阶级家庭，每个家庭都有一个头胎婴儿（23名男婴，23名女婴）。通过详细的母亲访谈获得了母亲不在家时父亲与婴儿相处时长的估计值，访谈涉及了所有母婴分离的情况。一岁时，在母亲不在场时提供更多照料的父亲，其与婴儿互动的方式表现出更高的广度或多样性，对婴儿的行为频率也更高。这些婴儿对父亲的反应频率更高，探索行为的次数也更频繁。在没有母亲的社交环境中，父亲和婴儿有着不同相处时长的情况下，他们行为上明显存在着独特的差异模式。
