College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25030, Turkey.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Dec 24;2022:3959845. doi: 10.1155/2022/3959845. eCollection 2022.
Vascular remodeling refers to changes in the size, contraction, distribution, and flow rate of blood vessels and even changes in vascular function. Vascular remodeling can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It can also lead to other systemic diseases, such as pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary atherosclerosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and ascites of broilers. Hypoxia is one of the main causes of vascular remodeling. Prolonged hypoxia or intermittent hypoxia can lead to loss of lung ventilation, causing respiratory depression, irregular respiratory rhythms, and central respiratory failure. Animals that are unable to adapt to the highland environment are also prone to sustained constriction of the small pulmonary arteries, increased resistance to pulmonary circulation, and impaired blood circulation, leading to pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure if they live in a highland environment for long periods of time. However, limited studies have been found on the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling. Therefore, this review will explore the relationship between hypoxia and vascular remodeling from the aspects of endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal calcium channel, disordered cellular metabolism, abnormal expression of miRNA, and other factors. This will help to understand the detailed mechanism of hypoxia-mediated smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling for the better treatment and management of diseases due to vascular remodeling.
血管重构是指血管的大小、收缩、分布和血流速度的变化，甚至血管功能的变化。血管重构可引起心血管和脑血管疾病。它还可能导致其他系统性疾病，如肺动脉高压、肺粥样硬化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、中风和肉鸡腹水。缺氧是血管重构的主要原因之一。长期缺氧或间歇性缺氧会导致肺通气丧失，引起呼吸抑制、呼吸节律不规则和中枢性呼吸衰竭。不能适应高原环境的动物如果长期生活在高海拔环境中，也容易导致小肺动脉持续收缩、肺循环阻力增加和血液循环受损，导致肺动脉高压和右心衰竭。然而，关于缺氧与血管重构之间的关系的研究还很有限。因此，本综述将从内质网应激、线粒体功能障碍、异常钙通道、细胞代谢紊乱、miRNA 异常表达等方面探讨缺氧与血管重构的关系。这将有助于了解缺氧介导的平滑肌细胞增殖和血管重构的详细机制，以便更好地治疗和管理由于血管重构引起的疾病。
