益生菌在口臭管理中的疗效：系统评价和荟萃分析。

Efficacy of probiotics in the management of halitosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

出版信息

BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 20;12(12):e060753. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753.

DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-060753

PMID:36600415

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9809225/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Halitosis is defined as a foul odour emitted from the oral cavity. Many interventions have been used to control halitosis from mouthwashes to chewing gums. Probiotics have been reported as an alternative method to alleviate halitosis.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of probiotics on halitosis from a time perspective.

DESIGN AND METHODS

This is a meta-analysis study performed in indexed databases up to February 2021. Randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of probiotics and placebo on primary outcomes (organoleptic (OLP) scores and volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels) and secondary outcomes (tongue coating scores (TCS) and plaque index (PI)) were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers. Publication bias and leave-one-out analyses were performed.

RESULTS

The standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI were calculated to synthesise data. The data were subgrouped and analysed in the short term (≤4 weeks) and long term (>4 weeks) based on the follow-up time. Seven articles were included in this meta-analysis. The primary outcomes, OLP scores (SMD=-0.58; 95% CI -0.87 to -0.30, p<0.0001) and VSC levels (SMD=-0.26; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.01, p=0.04), both decreased significantly in the probiotics group compared with the placebo group in the short term. However, a significant reduction was observed only in OLP scores (SMD=-0.45; 95% CI -0.85 to -0.04, p=0.03) in the long term. No significant differences were observed in secondary outcomes. There was no evidence of publication bias. The leave-one-out analysis confirmed that the pooled estimate was stable.

CONCLUSIONS

According to the results of this work, it seems that probiotics (eg, , , and ) may relieve halitosis in the short term (≤4 weeks). The results of the biased assessment, limited data and heterogeneity of the clinical trials included might reduce the reliability of the conclusions.

摘要

背景

口臭定义为口腔散发的恶臭气味。有许多干预措施被用于控制口臭，从漱口水到口香糖。益生菌已被报道为缓解口臭的一种替代方法。

目的

本研究旨在从时间角度调查益生菌对口臭的影响。

设计和方法

这是一项截止到 2021 年 2 月在索引数据库中进行的荟萃分析研究。纳入了比较益生菌和安慰剂对主要结局（嗅觉评分（OLP）和挥发性硫化合物（VSC）水平）和次要结局（舌苔评分（TCS）和菌斑指数（PI））影响的随机对照试验。数据提取和质量评估由两位评审员独立进行。进行了发表偏倚和逐一剔除分析。

结果

计算了标准化均数差（SMD）和 95%置信区间以综合数据。根据随访时间，将数据分为短期（≤4 周）和长期（>4 周）亚组进行分析。这项荟萃分析纳入了 7 篇文章。与安慰剂组相比，益生菌组在短期内 OLP 评分（SMD=-0.58；95%置信区间-0.87 至-0.30，p<0.0001）和 VSC 水平（SMD=-0.26；95%置信区间-0.51 至-0.01，p=0.04）均显著降低。然而，仅在长期内观察到 OLP 评分（SMD=-0.45；95%置信区间-0.85 至-0.04，p=0.03）有显著降低。次要结局无显著差异。没有发表偏倚的证据。逐一剔除分析证实，汇总估计值是稳定的。