Ghezzi Elizabeth L, Funk Janie A, Houmanfar Ramona A
Behavior Analysis Program, Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA.
Behav Anal Pract. 2021 Feb 26;15(4):1184-1192. doi: 10.1007/s40617-020-00530-y. eCollection 2022 Dec.
Policing in the United States is irrefutably a component of systemic racism. The history of police brutality against the Black community can be found in our amendments, laws, and cultural practices-it is an infrastructure of oppression. Though police brutality is not a new development, it has reached a fever pitch with the deaths of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. Recent calls to defund the police put law enforcement agencies squarely, and rightly, in the spotlight of social justice movements and reform. Current issues operating within law enforcement agencies ensure the perpetuation of a system that reinforces the status quo and gives nothing back to the communities that have been victims of brutality. A philosophical restructuring of how law enforcement agencies interact with the communities they serve is paramount. The purpose of this article is to propose a behavior-scientific model aimed at both the individual and organizational levels of law enforcement agencies using elements of acceptance and commitment training and Elinor Ostrom's core design principles, called Prosocial. The Prosocial model promotes the clarification of values within organizations and the communities they serve and reinforces values-consistent action. The model therefore has the potential to be a useful tool to combat systemic racism and police brutality within law enforcement agencies. The proposed model will be discussed in the context of who created it (White academicians), who will be implementing it (law enforcement), and ultimately who should benefit from it above and beyond the cessation of police brutality and without psychological or financial cost (Black communities).
美国的警务工作无疑是系统性种族主义的一个组成部分。警察对黑人社区的暴力历史可以在我们的修正案、法律和文化习俗中找到——它是一种压迫的架构。虽然警察暴力并非新现象，但随着乔治·弗洛伊德和布雷娜·泰勒之死，这一现象已达到白热化程度。最近要求削减警察经费的呼声将执法机构直接且恰当地置于社会正义运动和改革的聚光灯下。执法机构内部当前存在的问题确保了一个强化现状且不回馈曾遭受暴力侵害社区的系统持续存在。对执法机构与它们所服务社区互动方式进行理念上的重塑至关重要。本文的目的是提出一种行为科学模型，该模型利用接纳与承诺疗法的要素以及埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆的核心设计原则，针对执法机构的个人和组织层面，称之为亲社会模型。亲社会模型促进组织及其所服务社区内价值观的明晰，并强化与价值观一致的行动。因此，该模型有可能成为打击执法机构内系统性种族主义和警察暴力的有用工具。将在谁创建了该模型（白人学者）、谁将实施该模型（执法部门）以及最终谁应从中受益（除了警察暴力停止且无需心理或经济成本之外的黑人社区）的背景下讨论所提议的模型。
