MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Jul 1;65(25):641-5. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6525a1.
In 2012, approximately 40,000 suicides were reported in the United States, making suicide the 10th leading reported cause of death for persons aged ≥16 years (1). From 2000 to 2012, rates of suicide among persons in this age group increased 21.1%, from 13.3 per 100,000 to 16.1 (1). To inform suicide prevention efforts, CDC analyzed suicide by occupational group, by ascribing occupational codes to 12,312 suicides in 17 states in 2012 from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) (2). The frequency of suicide in different occupational groups was examined, and rates of suicide were calculated by sex and age group for these categories. Persons working in the farming, fishing, and forestry group had the highest rate of suicide overall (84.5 per 100,000 population) and among males (90.5); the highest rates of suicide among females occurred among those working in protective service occupations (14.1). Overall, the lowest rate of suicide (7.5) was found in the education, training, and library occupational group. Suicide prevention approaches directed toward persons aged ≥16 years that enhance social support, community connectedness, access to preventive services, and the reduction of stigma and barriers to help-seeking are needed.
2012 年，美国报告约有 4 万人自杀，使自杀成为≥16 岁人群第 10 大死因（1）。从 2000 年到 2012 年，该年龄组人群的自杀率上升了 21.1%，从每 10 万人 13.3 例上升到每 10 万人 16.1 例（1）。为了为自杀预防工作提供信息，CDC 分析了职业群体的自杀情况，将 17 个州 2012 年国家暴力死亡报告系统（NVDRS）中的 12312 例自杀事件归因于职业代码（2）。研究了不同职业群体的自杀频率，并按性别和年龄组计算了这些类别的自杀率。从事农业、渔业和林业工作的人总体自杀率最高（84.5/10 万人），男性为 90.5；女性中自杀率最高的是从事保护服务职业的人（14.1）。总的来说，教育、培训和图书馆职业群体的自杀率最低（7.5）。需要针对≥16 岁人群采取自杀预防措施，包括增强社会支持、社区联系、获得预防服务，以及减少耻辱感和寻求帮助的障碍。
