Department of Computer Science and Bioinformatics, Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak 27000, Pakistan.
Department of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Pakistan.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 Dec 22;23(1):99. doi: 10.3390/s23010099.
Since several Internet of Things (IoT) applications have been widely deployed on unstable wireless networks, such as the Delay Tolerant Network (DTN), data communication efficiency in DTN remains a challenge for IoT applications. Vehicular Delay Tolerant Network (VDTN) has become one of DTN's potential applications, in which the network experiences connectivity interruption due to the lack of an end-to-end relay route. VDTNs focus on node cooperation to achieve this goal. As a result, it is essential to ensure that almost all network nodes adopt the protocol to preserve network performance. This is a challenging task since nodes may diverge from the basic protocol to optimize their effectiveness. This article presents an Efficient Monitoring System (EMS) to detect and respond to just selfish nodes to minimize their entire network and data communication efficacy. The scheme is based on a network-wide cooperative sharing of node reputation. It is also necessary to increase overall network efficiency by tracking selfish nodes. The NS-2 simulator is used to run this experimental setup. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme performs better in terms of probability of package delivery, package delivery delay, energy consumption, and amount of packet drops. For 80% selfish nodes in the network, the packet delivery of EMS is 37% and 31% better than SOS and IPS. Similarly, the average delivery delay of EMS is 22% and 18% lower than SOS and IPS when 80% selfish nodes are incorporated in the network.
由于许多物联网 (IoT) 应用已经广泛部署在不稳定的无线网络上，例如延迟容忍网络 (DTN)，因此 DTN 中的数据通信效率仍然是物联网应用的一个挑战。车联网延迟容忍网络 (VDTN) 已成为 DTN 的潜在应用之一，由于缺乏端到端的中继路由，网络会出现连接中断。VDTN 专注于节点协作来实现这一目标。因此，确保几乎所有网络节点都采用协议来保持网络性能是至关重要的。由于节点可能会偏离基本协议以优化其有效性，因此这是一项具有挑战性的任务。本文提出了一种高效监测系统 (EMS)，用于检测和响应自私节点，以最大限度地减少它们对整个网络和数据通信效率的影响。该方案基于节点声誉的全网协作共享。通过跟踪自私节点，还需要提高整体网络效率。使用 NS-2 模拟器来运行这个实验设置。仿真结果表明，在所提出的方案中，在数据包投递概率、数据包投递延迟、能量消耗和丢包数量方面表现更好。对于网络中 80%的自私节点，EMS 的数据包投递率比 SOS 和 IPS 分别高出 37%和 31%。同样，当网络中包含 80%的自私节点时，EMS 的平均投递延迟比 SOS 和 IPS 分别低 22%和 18%。
