Reed Emma L, Worley Morgan L, Kueck Paul J, Pietrafasa Leonard D, Schlader Zachary J, Johnson Blair D
Human Integrative Physiology Lab, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.
H.H. Morris Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Kinesiology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2022 Dec 22;16:1063273. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.1063273. eCollection 2022.
Chronic consumption of sugar- and artificially-sweetened beverages (SSB and ASB) are associated with an increased risk of stroke but it is unclear how acute consumption influences cerebral vascular function. We hypothesized that: (1) acute consumption of SSB and ASB would augment dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) and attenuate cerebral vascular reactivity to hypercapnia (CVR) compared to water; and (2) dCA and CVR would be attenuated with SSB compared to ASB and water. Twelve healthy adults (age: 23 ± 2 years, four females) completed three randomized trials where they drank 500 ml of water, SSB (Mountain Dew), or ASB (Diet Mountain Dew). We measured mean arterial pressure (MAP), middle and posterior cerebral artery blood velocities (MCAv and PCAv), and end-tidal CO tension (PETCO). Cerebral vascular conductance was calculated as cerebral artery blood velocity/MAP (MCAc and PCAc). Twenty min after consumption, participants completed a 5 min baseline, and in a counterbalanced order, a CVR test (3%, 5%, and 7% CO in 3 min stages) and a dCA test (squat-stand tests at 0.10 Hz and 0.05 Hz for 5 min each) separated by 10 min. CVR was calculated as the slope of the linear regression lines of MCAv and PCAv vs. PETCO. dCA was assessed in the MCA using transfer function analysis. Coherence, gain, and phase were determined in the low frequency (LF; 0.07-0.2 Hz) and very low frequency (VLF; 0.02-0.07 Hz). MCAv and MCAc were lower after SSB (54.11 ± 12.28 cm/s, 0.58 ± 0.15 cm/s/mmHg) and ASB (51.07 ± 9.35 cm/s, 0.52 ± 1.0 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (62.73 ± 12.96 cm/s, 0.67 ± 0.11 cm/s/mmHg; all < 0.035), respectively. PCAc was also lower with the ASB compared to water ( = 0.007). MCA CVR was lower following ASB (1.55 ± 0.38 cm/s/mmHg) vs. water (2.00 ± 0.57 cm/s/mmHg; = 0.011) but not after SSB (1.90 ± 0.67 cm/s/mmHg; = 0.593). PCA CVR did not differ between beverages ( > 0.853). There were no differences between beverages for coherence ( ≥ 0.295), gain ( ≥ 0.058), or phase ( ≥ 0.084) for either frequency. Acute consumption of caffeinated SSB and ASB resulted in lower intracranial artery blood velocity and conductance but had a minimal effect on cerebral vascular function as only MCA CVR was altered with the ASB compared to water.
长期饮用含糖饮料和人工甜味饮料（SSB和ASB）与中风风险增加有关，但尚不清楚急性饮用如何影响脑血管功能。我们假设：（1）与水相比，急性饮用SSB和ASB会增强动态脑自动调节（dCA）并减弱脑血管对高碳酸血症的反应性（CVR）；（2）与ASB和水相比，SSB会使dCA和CVR减弱。12名健康成年人（年龄：23±2岁，4名女性）完成了三项随机试验，他们分别饮用500毫升水、SSB（激浪）或ASB（健怡激浪）。我们测量了平均动脉压（MAP）、大脑中动脉和大脑后动脉血流速度（MCAv和PCAv）以及呼气末二氧化碳分压（PETCO₂）。脑血管传导率计算为脑动脉血流速度/MAP（MCAc和PCAc）。饮用后20分钟，参与者完成5分钟的基线测试，并以平衡顺序进行CVR测试（3分钟内分别吸入3%、5%和7%的二氧化碳）和dCA测试（分别以0.10Hz和0.05Hz进行5分钟的深蹲-站立测试），两次测试间隔10分钟。CVR计算为MCAv和PCAv与PETCO₂的线性回归线斜率。使用传递函数分析评估MCA中的dCA。在低频（LF；0.07 - 0.2Hz）和极低频（VLF；0.02 - 0.07Hz）下确定相干性、增益和相位。与水（62.73±12.96cm/s，0.67±0.11cm/s/mmHg；所有P<0.035）相比，饮用SSB（54.11±12.28cm/s，0.58±0.15cm/s/mmHg）和ASB（51.07±9.35cm/s，0.52±1.0cm/s/mmHg）后，MCAv和MCAc较低。与水相比，ASB的PCAc也较低（P = 0.007）。与水（2.00±0.57cm/s/mmHg；P = 0.011）相比，饮用ASB后MCA CVR较低（1.55±0.38cm/s/mmHg），但饮用SSB后无差异（1.90±0.67cm/s/mmHg；P = 0.593）。饮料之间的PCA CVR无差异（P>0.853）。两种频率下，饮料之间在相干性（P≥0.295）、增益（P≥0.058）或相位（P≥0.084）方面均无差异。急性饮用含咖啡因的SSB和ASB会导致颅内动脉血流速度和传导率降低，但对脑血管功能影响极小，因为与水相比，只有ASB改变了MCA CVR。
