Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023 Jun;273(4):875-885. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01539-w. Epub 2023 Jan 11.
Research suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) share a range of cognitive biases with patients with psychosis. As the disorder often manifests in dysfunctional social interactions, we assumed associated reasoning styles would be exaggerated in a social setting. For the present study, we applied the Judge-Advisor System by asking participants to provide initial estimates of a person's age and presumed hostility based on a portrait photo. Afterwards, we presented additional cues/advice in the form of responses by anonymous previous respondents. Participants could revise their estimate, seek additional advice, or make a decision. Contrary to our preregistered hypothesis, patients with BPD (n = 38) performed similarly to healthy controls (n = 30). Patients sought the same number of pieces of advice, were equally confident, and used advice in similar ways to revise their estimates. Thus, patients with BPD did trust advice. However, patients gave higher hostility ratings to the portrayed persons. In conclusion, patients with BPD showed no cognitive biases in seeking, evaluating, and integrating socially provided information. While the study implies emotional rather than cognitive biases in the disorder, cognitive biases may still prove to be useful treatment targets in order to encourage delaying and reflecting on extreme emotional responses in social interactions.
研究表明,边缘型人格障碍(BPD)患者与精神病患者存在一系列认知偏差。由于该障碍通常表现为社交互动功能失调,我们假设相关的推理风格在社交环境中会被夸大。在本研究中,我们应用了法官-顾问系统,要求参与者根据一张人像照片提供对一个人年龄和假定敌意的初始估计。之后,我们以匿名先前回复者的回复形式提供了额外的线索/建议。参与者可以修改他们的估计值,寻求更多建议,或做出决定。与我们预先注册的假设相反,BPD 患者(n=38)的表现与健康对照组(n=30)相似。BPD 患者寻求的建议数量相同,对自己的判断同样有信心,并以相似的方式使用建议来修改他们的估计值。因此,BPD 患者确实信任建议。然而,患者对所描绘的人给予了更高的敌意评价。总之,BPD 患者在寻求、评估和整合社会提供的信息时没有表现出认知偏差。虽然该研究表明该障碍存在情绪而非认知偏差,但认知偏差仍可能被证明是有用的治疗靶点,以鼓励在社交互动中延迟和反思极端情绪反应。