Dowley Alison, Sweeney Torres, Conway Eadaoin, Vigors Stafford, Ryan Marion T, Yadav Supriya, Wilson Jude, O'Doherty John V
School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 2023 Jan 11;14(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s40104-022-00808-x.
There is an urgent need to identify natural bioactive compounds that can enhance gastrointestinal health and promote pig growth performance in the absence of pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO). The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare the effects of mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium (inSeMP) to mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium (orgSeMP) to pharmacological levels of ZnO on growth performance and faecal scores (FS) for the first 21 d post-weaning (Period 1); and 2) compare the molecular and microbial effects of inSeMP and orgSeMP in these pigs on d 39 post-weaning (Period 2).
In Period 1, pigs (3 pigs/pen; 8 pens/treatment) were assigned to: (1) basal diet (control); (2) basal diet + zinc oxide (ZnO) (3100 mg/kg d 1-14, 1550 mg/kg d 15-21); (3) basal diet + mushroom powder supplemented with inorganic selenium (inSeMP) containing selenium (selenite) content of 0.3 mg/kg feed; (4) basal diet + mushroom powder enriched with organic selenium (orgSeMP) containing selenium (selenocysteine) content of 0.3 mg/kg feed. Mushroom powders were included at 6.5 g/kg of feed.
In Period 1, there was no effect of diets on average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F) ratio (P > 0.05). The orgSeMP supplemented pigs had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) compared to all other groups (P < 0.05). The ZnO supplemented pigs had reduced FS compared to the basal and mushroom group, while the orgSeMP supplemented pigs had lower FS compared to the basal group during the 21 d experimental period (P < 0.05). In Period 2, there was no effect of diets on ADFI, ADG and G:F ratio (P > 0.05). The orgSeMP supplementation increased the caecal abundance of bacterial members of the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phylum, including Lactobacillus, Agathobacter, Roseburia, and Prevotella and decreased the abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group, while inSeMP increased the caecal abundance of Prevotella and decreased the caecal abundance of Sporobacter compared to the basal group (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with inSeMP increased expression of TLR4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene IL10 and decreased nutrient transporter gene FABP2 compared to the orgSeMP group (P < 0.05).
OrgSeMP is a novel and sustainable way to incorporate selenium and β-glucans into the diet of weaned pigs whilst improving FS and modulating the caecal microbiota.
在缺乏药理水平氧化锌（ZnO）的情况下，迫切需要鉴定出能够增强胃肠道健康并促进猪生长性能的天然生物活性化合物。本研究的目的是：1）比较添加无机硒的蘑菇粉（inSeMP）、富含有机硒的蘑菇粉（orgSeMP）与药理水平的ZnO对断奶后前21天（第1阶段）生长性能和粪便评分（FS）的影响；2）比较inSeMP和orgSeMP对这些猪断奶后第39天（第2阶段）的分子和微生物影响。
在第1阶段，猪（每栏3头猪；每个处理8栏）被分配到：（1）基础日粮（对照）；（2）基础日粮 + 氧化锌（ZnO）（第1 - 14天3100 mg/kg，第15 - 21天1550 mg/kg）；（3）基础日粮 + 添加无机硒的蘑菇粉（inSeMP），饲料中硒（亚硒酸盐）含量为0.3 mg/kg；（4）基础日粮 + 富含有机硒的蘑菇粉（orgSeMP），饲料中硒（硒代半胱氨酸）含量为0.3 mg/kg。蘑菇粉添加量为每千克饲料6.5 g。
在第1阶段，日粮对平均日增重（ADG）和增重：饲料（G:F）比没有影响（P > 0.05）。与所有其他组相比，添加orgSeMP的猪平均日采食量（ADFI）较低（P < 0.05）。在21天的实验期内，添加ZnO的猪粪便评分低于基础日粮组和蘑菇粉组，而添加orgSeMP的猪粪便评分低于基础日粮组（P < 0.05）。在第2阶段，日粮对ADFI、ADG和G:F比没有影响（P > 0.05）。与基础日粮组相比，添加orgSeMP增加了盲肠中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门细菌成员的丰度，包括乳酸杆菌属、阿加托杆菌属、罗斯氏菌属和普雷沃氏菌属，降低了芽孢杆菌属的丰度；而与基础日粮组相比，添加inSeMP增加了盲肠中普雷沃氏菌属的丰度，降低了盲肠中芽孢杆菌属的丰度（P < 0.05）。与添加orgSeMP组相比，添加inSeMP日粮增加了TLR4和抗炎细胞因子基因IL10的表达，降低了营养转运蛋白基因FABP2的表达（P < 0.05）。
OrgSeMP是一种将硒和β - 葡聚糖纳入断奶仔猪日粮的新型且可持续的方法，同时可改善粪便评分并调节盲肠微生物群。
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