Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD.
Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
J Anim Sci. 2020 Oct 1;98(10). doi: 10.1093/jas/skaa306.
A study determined the effects of supplementing corn-based diets for weaned pigs with multi-enzymes on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, fecal score, and fecal microbial composition. A total of 132 pigs (initial body weight = 7.23 kg) that had been weaned at 21 d of age and fed a drug-free nursery diet for 7 d were housed in 33 pens of 4 barrows or gilts, blocked by body weight and gender, and fed 3 experimental diets at 11 pens per diet. The diets were corn-based diet without or with multi-enzyme A or B. Multi-enzyme A supplied 4,000 U of xylanase, 150 U of β-glucanase, 3,500 U of protease, and 1,500 U of amylase per kilogram of diet. Multi-enzyme B was the same as multi-enzyme A except that it supplied amylase at 150 U/kg, and that its source of amylase was different from that of multi-enzyme A. All diets contained phytase at 1,000 U/kg. The diets were fed for 35 d in 2 phases; phase 1 for the first 14 d and phase 2 for the last 21 d of the trial. Fecal score was determined daily during the first 7 d of the trial. Fecal samples were collected from rectum of 1 pig per pen on days 2, 7, 14, and 35 of the trial for determining bacterial composition. Also, fresh fecal samples were collected from each pen on days 41 and 42 to determine ATTD of nutrients. Multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) for phases 1 and 2. For the overall study period, multi-enzyme B increased (P < 0.05) ADG from 262 to 313 g, and average daily feed intake (ADFI) from 419 to 504 g. Multi-enzyme A increased (P < 0.05) overall ADG from 262 to 290 g, but did not affect ADFI. Multi-enzyme A or B did not affect ATTD of gross energy, but increased (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ether extract from 30% to 36% or 37%, respectively. Multi-enzyme A did not affect fecal score; however, multi-enzyme B tended to decrease (P = 0.09) fecal score, implying that it tended to decrease diarrhea. Firmicutes were the most abundant phylum of fecal bacteria (its relative abundance ranged from 58% to 72%). Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were the 2nd and 3rd most abundant phyla of fecal bacteria. Neither multi-enzyme affected fecal bacterial composition. In conclusion, the addition of multi-enzyme A or B to phytase-supplemented corn-based diet for weaned pigs can improve their growth performance and fat digestibility. However, multi-enzyme B was more effective than multi-enzyme A in terms of improving the growth performance of weaned pigs fed corn-based diet.
一项研究确定了在断奶仔猪的玉米基础日粮中添加多种酶对生长性能、养分表观总肠道消化率（ATTD）、粪便评分和粪便微生物组成的影响。共有 132 头（初始体重=7.23kg）于 21 日龄断奶并在无药保育期日粮中饲养 7 天的仔猪，按体重和性别分为 33 个栏，每个栏饲养 4 头公猪或母猪，并在 11 个栏中饲养 3 种实验日粮。日粮为不含或含多酶 A 或 B 的玉米基础日粮。多酶 A 提供 4000U木聚糖酶、150Uβ-葡聚糖酶、3500U蛋白酶和 1500U 淀粉酶/kg 日粮。多酶 B 与多酶 A 相同，只是其淀粉酶添加量为 150U/kg，且淀粉酶的来源与多酶 A 不同。所有日粮均添加 1000U/kg 的植酸酶。试验分为两个阶段进行 35 天的饲养；第一阶段为前 14 天，第二阶段为试验最后 21 天。试验前 7 天每天测定粪便评分。试验第 2、7、14 和 35 天，从每个栏的 1 头猪直肠中采集粪便样本来确定细菌组成。还从每个栏中采集新鲜粪便样本，在试验第 41 和 42 天用于测定养分 ATTD。多酶 B 提高了（P＜0.05）1 至 2 阶段的平均日增重（ADG）。在整个研究期间，多酶 B 提高了（P＜0.05）ADG，从 262 增加到 313g，ADFI 从 419 增加到 504g。多酶 A 提高了（P＜0.05）整个研究期间的 ADG，从 262 增加到 290g，但不影响 ADFI。多酶 A 或 B 不影响总能的 ATTD，但分别提高了（P＜0.05）30%至 36%或 37%的乙醚提取物的 ATTD。多酶 A 不影响粪便评分；然而，多酶 B 有降低（P=0.09）粪便评分的趋势，这意味着它有降低腹泻的趋势。厚壁菌门是粪便细菌中最丰富的门（相对丰度范围为 58%至 72%）。拟杆菌门和放线菌门是粪便细菌中第 2 和第 3 丰富的门。两种多酶都不影响粪便细菌组成。总之，在添加植酸酶的玉米基础日粮中添加多酶 A 或 B 可以提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和脂肪消化率。然而，与多酶 A 相比，多酶 B 在提高玉米基础日粮饲养的断奶仔猪的生长性能方面更有效。
