Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
Lung Biology Center, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
PLoS Pathog. 2023 Jan 12;19(1):e1011063. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011063. eCollection 2023 Jan.
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its sublineages pose a new challenge to healthcare systems worldwide due to its ability to efficiently spread in immunized populations and its resistance to currently available therapies. COVID-19, although targeting primarily the respiratory system, is also now well established that later affects every organ in the body. Most importantly, despite the available therapy and vaccine-elicited protection, the long-term consequences of viral infection in breakthrough and asymptomatic individuals are areas of concern. In the past two years, investigators accumulated evidence on how the virus triggers our immune system and the molecular signals involved in the cross-talk between immune cells and structural cells in the pulmonary vasculature to drive pathological lung complications such as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis. In the review, we emphasize recent updates on the pathophysiological inflammatory and immune responses associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and their potential long-term consequences that may consequently lead to the development of pulmonary vascular diseases.
由严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 型（SARS-CoV-2）引起的 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）及其亚谱系由于其在免疫人群中高效传播的能力及其对目前可用疗法的耐药性，对全球医疗保健系统构成了新的挑战。COVID-19 虽然主要针对呼吸系统，但现已明确其还会影响身体的每个器官。最重要的是，尽管有可用的治疗方法和疫苗诱导的保护，病毒感染在突破性和无症状个体中的长期后果仍然是令人关注的问题。在过去的两年中，研究人员积累了有关病毒如何触发我们的免疫系统以及免疫细胞与肺血管结构细胞之间相互作用涉及的分子信号的证据，以驱动病理性肺部并发症，如内皮功能障碍和血栓形成。在这篇综述中，我们强调了 SARS-CoV-2 感染相关的病理生理学炎症和免疫反应的最新进展及其可能的长期后果，这可能导致肺血管疾病的发展。
