Osman J, Ormerod P, Stableforth D
Department of Thoracic Medicine, East Birmingham Hospital, Bordesley, Green East.
Br J Dis Chest. 1987 Jul;81(3):232-41. doi: 10.1016/0007-0971(87)90155-0.
The assessment and treatment of 140 randomly selected patients with acute asthma admitted to hospitals in Birmingham and Manchester in 1978 were studied. A detailed history of attack severity was recorded in just over half the case notes on admission (55%) and objective evidence of severity was recorded in a smaller number (measurement of airflow obstruction in 31% and arterial blood gases in 42%). Twenty-one (31%) thoracic patients and 33 (45%) general medical patients received aerosolized bronchodilators from metered-dose inhalers alone and 31% of all patients were given no inhaled bronchodilator drugs. Although the asthma was considered severe enough to require admission to hospital 37% were not given a course of corticosteroid therapy. Response to treatment was monitored by serial peak flow measurements in only 51% overall. Discharge therapy included a bronchodilator inhaler and oral corticosteroids in less than half (43%) of patients. There was no major difference in severity of asthma in patients admitted under the care of 'thoracic' or 'general' physicians but significant differences were found in their assessment and treatment. 'Thoracic' physicians more often measured severity and the response to treatment objectively. They prescribed inhaled (rather than intravenous) bronchodilator drugs more frequently and were more likely to discharge patients with a bronchodilator inhaler, oral corticosteroids, prophylactic therapy and an outpatient follow-up appointment.
对1978年在伯明翰和曼彻斯特医院随机选取的140例急性哮喘患者的评估与治疗情况进行了研究。入院时,仅有略超过半数(55%)的病历记录了发作严重程度的详细病史,而记录严重程度客观证据的病历数量较少(31%测量了气流阻塞情况,42%检测了动脉血气)。21例(31%)胸科患者和33例(45%)普通内科患者仅接受了定量吸入器雾化支气管扩张剂治疗,所有患者中有31%未使用吸入性支气管扩张剂药物。尽管哮喘被认为严重到需要住院治疗,但仍有37%的患者未接受皮质类固醇治疗疗程。总体而言,仅51%的患者通过连续峰值流量测量来监测治疗反应。出院治疗中,不到半数(43%)的患者使用了支气管扩张剂吸入器和口服皮质类固醇。在“胸科”或“普通”内科医生照料下入院的患者,哮喘严重程度无显著差异,但在评估和治疗方面存在显著差异。“胸科”医生更常客观地测量严重程度和治疗反应。他们更频繁地开具吸入(而非静脉注射)支气管扩张剂药物,并且更有可能让患者出院时携带支气管扩张剂吸入器、口服皮质类固醇、预防性治疗药物以及门诊随访预约。