Tofigh Roghayeh, Hosseinpourfeizi Mohammadali, Baradaran Behzad, Teimourian Shahram, Safaralizadeh Reza
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Life Sci. 2023 Feb 15;315:121367. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121367. Epub 2023 Jan 10.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic and chronic inflammatory disease categorized by continuous synovitis in the joints and systemic inflammatory responses that can cause lifelong disability. The major cause of RA is the dysregulation of the immune response. The development of RA disease includes multiplex association of several interleukins and cells, which leads to synovial cell growth, cartilage and bone damage. The primary stage of RA disease is related to the modification of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, which leads to the formation of autoantibodies. This process results in many damaged molecules and epitope spreading. Both the innate (e.g., dendritic cells, macrophages, and neutrophils) and acquired immune cells (e.g., T and B lymphocytes) will increase and continue the chronic inflammatory condition in the next stages of the RA disease. In recent years, non-coding RNAs have been proved as significant controllers of biological functions, especially immune cell expansion and reactions. Non-coding RNAs were primarily containing microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). Various studies confirmed non-coding RNAs as hopeful markers for diagnosing and curing RA. This review will describe and cover existing knowledge about RA pathogenesis, which might be favorable for discovering possible ncRNA markers for RA.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种全身性慢性炎症性疾病，其特征为关节持续滑膜炎和可导致终身残疾的全身炎症反应。RA的主要病因是免疫反应失调。RA疾病的发展包括多种白细胞介素和细胞的多重关联，这会导致滑膜细胞生长、软骨和骨损伤。RA疾病的初级阶段与先天性和适应性免疫系统的改变有关，这会导致自身抗体的形成。这个过程会导致许多受损分子和表位扩散。在RA疾病的后续阶段，先天性免疫细胞（如树突状细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞）和获得性免疫细胞（如T和B淋巴细胞）都会增加并持续慢性炎症状态。近年来，非编码RNA已被证明是生物功能的重要调控因子，尤其是免疫细胞的扩增和反应。非编码RNA主要包括微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA）。各种研究证实非编码RNA有望成为诊断和治疗RA的标志物。本综述将描述和涵盖有关RA发病机制的现有知识，这可能有助于发现RA可能的非编码RNA标志物。
