Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2023 Jan 14;55(1):38. doi: 10.1007/s11250-023-03453-2.
Probiotics are non-pathogenic microorganisms that are potentially important non-antibiotic alternatives. This study aimed to compare novel multi-strain and single-strain Bacillus probiotics and their respective influences on broiler chickens' performance, gut health, litter quality, immune response, and NBN and TLR gene expression. A total of 1200 Arbor-Acres 1-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allocated into three treatments (T1 was a control, T2 was supplemented with a combined Bacillus coagulans (2 × 10 cfu/g) and Bacillus licheniformis (8 × 10 cfu/g) probiotic strains (0.2 kg/ton of feed), and T3 was supplemented with Bacillus licheniformis (3.2 × 10 cfu/g) probiotic (0.5 kg/ton of feed) with eight replicas of each. Supplementing the broiler diet with either the single-strain (T3) or the multi-strain (T2) Bacillus-based probiotic raised the overall birds' body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and European production efficiency factor compared to the control (T1), with a significant enhancement achieved by the multi-strain Bacillus product (P = 0.005). T2 and T3 exhibited significantly improved cholesterol, Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase levels than the control (P ≤ 0.05). The transcript levels of both NBN and TLR genes were upregulated in the liver in the T2 and T3 groups. The T2 group experienced significant reductions in gut bacterial counts, especially for Clostridia, and recorded the lowest litter moisture and nitrogen. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with probiotics of multiple Bacillus strains increased production profitability by promoting bird growth, improving feed intake, enhancing gut mucosa and immune organs, and upregulating genes responsible for immunity. All these inhibit the overgrowth of enteric pathogens and sustain litter quality.
益生菌是一种潜在的重要非抗生素替代物，它们是非病原性微生物。本研究旨在比较新型多菌株和单菌株芽孢杆菌益生菌及其对肉鸡生产性能、肠道健康、垫料质量、免疫反应、NBN 和 TLR 基因表达的影响。共选择了 1200 只 Arbor-Acres 1 日龄肉鸡，随机分为 3 个处理组（T1 为对照组，T2 添加了凝结芽孢杆菌（2×10^cfu/g）和地衣芽孢杆菌（8×10^cfu/g）的复合益生菌菌株（0.2kg/吨饲料），T3 添加了地衣芽孢杆菌（3.2×10^cfu/g）益生菌（0.5kg/吨饲料），每个处理组有 8 个重复。与对照组（T1）相比，在肉鸡日粮中添加单菌株（T3）或多菌株（T2）芽孢杆菌益生菌均可提高整体鸡只体重、体重增重、饲料转化率和欧洲生产效率因子，多菌株芽孢杆菌产品的效果更为显著（P=0.005）。T2 和 T3 组的胆固醇、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶水平均显著高于对照组（P≤0.05）。T2 和 T3 组的 NBN 和 TLR 基因在肝脏中的转录水平上调。T2 组肠道细菌数量显著减少，尤其是梭菌数量减少，垫料水分和氮含量最低。总之，在肉鸡日粮中添加多种芽孢杆菌益生菌可通过促进禽类生长、提高采食量、增强肠道黏膜和免疫器官以及上调免疫相关基因来提高生产效益。所有这些都可以抑制肠道病原体的过度生长并维持垫料质量。
