Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
Department of Animal Science, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
Poult Sci. 2020 Nov;99(11):5896-5906. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.034. Epub 2020 Aug 31.
Probiotics, toxin binders, and plant extracts improve health and immunity of broiler chickens exposed to aflatoxin. The effects of licorice extract (LE), Protexin probiotic, toxin binder (Agrabound), and poultry litter biochar (PLB) in experimental aflatoxicosis were evaluated. In a completely randomized design, 504 broiler chickens were allotted to 7 treatments and 6 replicates with 12 broiler chickens in each. The experimental groups were as follows: T1) basal diet (B) without any feed additive or aflatoxin B (AFB); T2) B + 0.5 mg AFB/kg; T3) T2 + 3 g LE/kg; T4) T2 + 6 g LE/kg; T5) T2 + 0.5 g Protexin/kg; T6) T2 + 1 g toxin binder/kg, and T7) T2 + 5 g/kg PLB. Broiler chickens fed AFB diet (T2) had lower body weight gain at the end of grower period and higher feed conversion ratio at the end of the finisher period, whereas inclusion of LE, probiotic, toxin binder, or PLB restores body weight of broiler chickens to that of the control group. Aflatoxicosis decreased total protein, TG, albumin, Ca, and P concentrations and greater uric acid concentration in broiler chickens as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg increased serum total protein; inclusion of 3 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and toxin binder increased TG; inclusion of 3 and 6 mg LE/kg, probiotic, and PLB increased serum albumin; and the whole additive decreased serum uric acid of broiler chickens comparing with the control group. Lymphocyte percentage, avian influenza antibody titer, thymus relative weight, and immune response to phytohemagglutinin were decreased in the T2 group, whereas heterophil percentage and heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio were increased (P < 0.05). Aflatoxicosis increased breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, liver enzymes activities, and number of fat vacuoles (P < 0.05). As compared with the T2 group, all of the additives lowered alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine transaminase activities, breast meat malondialdehyde concentration, and liver pathological damages (P < 0.05). It can be concluded that all of the additives are capable to decrease the negative impact of AFB on broiler chickens' performance, blood indices, and immunity.
益生菌、毒素结合剂和植物提取物可改善暴露于黄曲霉毒素的肉鸡的健康和免疫力。评估了甘草提取物（LE）、Protexin 益生菌、毒素结合剂（Agrabound）和禽粪生物炭（PLB）在实验性黄曲霉毒素中毒中的作用。在完全随机设计中，将 504 只肉鸡分配到 7 个处理组和 6 个重复组，每个重复组有 12 只肉鸡。实验组如下：T1）基础日粮（B），不含任何饲料添加剂或黄曲霉毒素 B（AFB）；T2）B+0.5mg AFB/kg；T3）T2+3g LE/kg；T4）T2+6g LE/kg；T5）T2+0.5g Protexin/kg；T6）T2+1g 毒素结合剂/kg，T7）T2+5g/kg PLB。饲喂 AFB 日粮（T2）的肉鸡在生长期结束时体重增加较低，育肥期结束时饲料转化率较高，而添加 LE、益生菌、毒素结合剂或 PLB 可使肉鸡体重恢复到对照组水平。与对照组相比，黄曲霉毒素中毒会降低肉鸡的总蛋白、甘油三酯、白蛋白、钙和磷浓度，并增加尿酸浓度（P<0.05）。与 T2 组相比，添加 3mg/kg LE 可提高血清总蛋白；添加 3mg/kg LE、益生菌和毒素结合剂可提高甘油三酯；添加 3 和 6mg/kg LE、益生菌和 PLB 可提高血清白蛋白；与对照组相比，整个添加剂可降低肉鸡血清尿酸。与对照组相比，T2 组淋巴细胞百分比、禽流感抗体滴度、胸腺相对重量和植物血凝素免疫反应降低，而异嗜细胞百分比和异嗜细胞与淋巴细胞比值升高（P<0.05）。黄曲霉毒素中毒增加了胸肉丙二醛浓度、肝酶活性和脂肪空泡数量（P<0.05）。与 T2 组相比，所有添加剂均降低碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、胸肉丙二醛浓度和肝病理损伤（P<0.05）。综上所述，所有添加剂均能降低 AFB 对肉鸡生产性能、血液指标和免疫力的负面影响。
Zotero 插件