Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health and Internet Technology, College of Animal Science and Technology College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
College of Standardisation, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Poult Sci. 2021 Sep;100(9):101358. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101358. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) or Bacillus licheniformis (B. licheniformis) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and the cecal microflora in broiler chickens. In total, 360 male, 1-day-old Cobb 500 birds were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group was fed a basal diet; the B. subtilis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 10 CFU/kg B. subtilis; the B. licheniformis group was fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 × 10 CFU/kg B. licheniformis. Results showed that chickens supplemented with either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had comparatively higher (P < 0.05) body weight and average daily gain, whereas no difference (P > 0.05) was observed in feed efficiency. Concentrations of serum IgA, IgY, and IgM, as well as anti-inflammatory IL-10 were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation. Moreover, chickens fed with diets supplemented by either B. subtilis or B. licheniformis had greater antioxidant capacity, indicated by the notable increases (P < 0.05) in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, along with decrease (P < 0.05) in malondialdehyde. Compared to the control group, levels of SCFA, excluding acetic and propionic acid, in cecal content had improved (P < 0.05) by adding B. licheniformis, and significant increase (P < 0.05) in acetic and butyric acid was observed with B. subtilis supplementation. Microbial analysis showed that both B. subtilis or B. licheniformis supplementation could increase butyrate-producing bacteria such as Alistipes and Butyricicoccus, and decrease pathogenic bacteria such as the Synergistetes and Gammaproteobacteria. In summary, dietary supplemented with B. subtilis or B. licheniformis improved growth performance, immune status, and antioxidant capacity, increased SCFA production, and modulated cecal microbiota in chickens. Moreover, B. licheniformis was more effective than B. subtilis with the same supplemental amount.
本研究旨在探究饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis，B. subtilis）或地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis，B. licheniformis）对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能、抗氧化能力、短链脂肪酸（short chain fatty acid，SCFA）生成和盲肠微生物区系的影响。试验选用 360 只 1 日龄雄性科宝 500 肉鸡，随机分为 3 组：对照组饲喂基础饲粮；枯草芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加 1.5×10 CFU/kg 枯草芽孢杆菌；地衣芽孢杆菌组在基础饲粮中添加 1.5×10 CFU/kg 地衣芽孢杆菌。结果表明：饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌均能显著提高（P＜0.05）肉鸡的体重和平均日增重，而对饲料效率无显著影响（P＞0.05）。血清 IgA、IgY 和 IgM 浓度以及抗炎细胞因子白细胞介素 10（IL-10）显著升高（P＜0.05），促炎细胞因子白细胞介素 1β（IL-1β）和白细胞介素 6（IL-6）显著降低（P＜0.05）。此外，饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌可显著提高肉鸡的抗氧化能力，表现为谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性显著升高（P＜0.05），丙二醛含量显著降低（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比，饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌可显著提高盲肠内容物中除乙酸和丙酸外的其他 SCFA 浓度（P＜0.05），饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌可显著提高乙酸和丁酸浓度（P＜0.05）。微生物分析表明，饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌均可增加丁酸产生菌如 Alistipes 和 Butyricicoccus 的丰度，降低 Synergistetes 和γ-变形菌纲等有害菌的丰度。综上所述，饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌或地衣芽孢杆菌可改善肉鸡的生长性能、免疫功能和抗氧化能力，提高 SCFA 生成，并调节肉鸡盲肠微生物区系。而且，在相同添加量下，地衣芽孢杆菌的效果优于枯草芽孢杆菌。
