奖牌之外：一项探索退役精英女运动员健康状况的横断面研究
Beyond the medals: a cross-sectional study exploring retired elite female athletes' health.
作者信息
Thornton Jane, Rosen Casey, Davenport Margie, Mountjoy Margo Lynn, Dorian Paul, Gouttebarge Vincent, Breau Becky, Pila Eva, Reilly Kristen, Yuan Jane, Mok Kelly, Di Ciacca Steve, Speechley Mark, Crossley Kay
机构信息
Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Return to Health and Performance Lab, Department of Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
出版信息
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2023 Jan 11;9(1):e001479. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001479. eCollection 2023.
OBJECTIVES
Little is known about the impact of elite sport participation on long-term athlete health. We aimed to: (1) describe musculoskeletal, mental health, reproductive/endocrine and cardiovascular characteristics in retired elite female athletes and compare to the general population and (2) explore athletes' perceptions of their elite sport participation and its impact on health.
METHODS
A 136-item online questionnaire was disseminated to Canadian elite female rowing and rugby athletes >18 years old, >2 years retired from elite competition. Matched general population data were obtained from Statistics Canada when available.
RESULTS
Seventy-four (24% response rate) athletes (average age 45 (±9) years; retired 15 (±9) years) completed the questionnaire (30 rowing, 44 rugby athletes). During their career, 63 athletes (85%) experienced a hip/groin, knee, foot/ankle injury, or low back pain, with 42 (67%) reporting ongoing symptoms. Athletes 35-54 years reported worse knee symptoms and quality of life compared with the general population (symptom: p=0.197; d=1.15 [0.66, 1.63]; quality of life: p=0.312 d=1.03 [0.54, 1.51]) while other hip, knee and foot/ankle outcome scores were similar. Retired athletes had lower odds of anxiety (OR=0.155 [95% CI0.062 to 0.384]), greater lifetime/ever odds of amenorrhea (OR=6.10 [95%CI 2.67 to 13.96]) and gave birth when older (p<0.05). Fifty-nine (79%) recalled witnessing or experiencing at least one form of harassment/abuse during their career. Sixty athletes (81%) rated their current health as above average or excellent and 61 (82%) would compete at the same level again if given the choice.
CONCLUSION
These novel insights can inform future preventative efforts to promote positive elite sport-related outcomes for current, former and future female athletes.
目的
关于参与精英运动对运动员长期健康的影响，我们了解甚少。我们旨在：（1）描述退役精英女性运动员的肌肉骨骼、心理健康、生殖/内分泌和心血管特征，并与普通人群进行比较；（2）探究运动员对其精英运动参与经历及其对健康影响的看法。
方法
向年龄大于18岁、从精英比赛退役超过2年的加拿大精英女性赛艇和橄榄球运动员发放了一份包含136个条目的在线问卷。如有可能，匹配的普通人群数据从加拿大统计局获取。
结果
74名（回复率24%）运动员（平均年龄45（±9）岁；退役15（±9）年）完成了问卷（30名赛艇运动员，44名橄榄球运动员）。在其职业生涯中，63名运动员（85%）经历过髋部/腹股沟、膝盖、足部/脚踝损伤或腰痛，其中42名（67%）报告有持续症状。35 - 54岁的运动员与普通人群相比，膝盖症状和生活质量更差（症状：p = 0.197；d = 1.15 [0.66, 1.63]；生活质量：p = 0.312，d = 1.03 [0.54, 1.51]），而其他髋部、膝盖和足部/脚踝的结果评分相似。退役运动员焦虑的几率较低（OR = 0.155 [95% CI 0.062至0.384]），闭经的终身/曾经几率更高（OR = 6.10 [95% CI 2.67至13.96]），生育年龄更大（p < 0.05）。59名（79%）回忆在其职业生涯中目睹或经历过至少一种形式的骚扰/虐待。60名运动员（81%）将其当前健康状况评为高于平均水平或优秀，61名（82%）表示如果有选择，会再次参加同一水平的比赛。
结论
这些新的见解可为未来的预防工作提供参考，以促进当前、前任和未来女性运动员在精英运动方面取得积极成果。
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