Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560043, India.
Med Oncol. 2023 Jan 17;40(2):81. doi: 10.1007/s12032-022-01930-6.
Cancer has become one of the common causes of mortality around the globe due to mutations in the genome which allows rapid growth of cells uncontrollably without repairing DNA errors. Cancers could arise due alterations in DNA repair mechanisms (errors in mismatch repair genes), activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Each cancer type is different and each individual has a unique genetic change which leads them to cancer. Studying genetic and epigenetic alterations in the genome leads to understanding the underlying features. CAR T therapy over other immunotherapies such as monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cancer vaccines and adoptive cell therapies has been widely used to treat cancer in recent days and gene editing has now become one of the promising treatments for many genetic diseases. This tool allows scientists to change the genome by adding, removing or altering genetic material of an organism. Due to advance in genetics and novel molecular techniques such as CRISPR, TALEN these genes can be edited in such a way that their original function could be replaced which in turn improved the treatment possibilities and can be used against malignancies and even cure cancer in future along with CAR T cell therapy due to the specific recognition and attacking of tumor.
由于基因组突变导致细胞不受控制地快速生长而不修复 DNA 错误，癌症已成为全球常见的死亡原因之一。癌症可能是由于 DNA 修复机制的改变（错配修复基因的错误）、癌基因的激活和肿瘤抑制基因的失活引起的。每种癌症类型都不同，每个个体都有导致他们患癌症的独特遗传变化。研究基因组中的遗传和表观遗传改变有助于了解潜在特征。CAR T 疗法比其他免疫疗法（如单克隆抗体、免疫检查点抑制剂、癌症疫苗和过继细胞疗法）更广泛地用于最近治疗癌症，基因编辑现在已成为许多遗传疾病的有前途的治疗方法之一。该工具允许科学家通过添加、删除或改变生物体的遗传物质来改变基因组。由于遗传学的进步和新型分子技术，如 CRISPR、TALEN，可以以这样的方式编辑这些基因，即可以取代它们的原始功能，这反过来又提高了治疗的可能性，并可用于对抗恶性肿瘤，甚至在未来与 CAR T 细胞疗法一起治愈癌症，因为其具有对肿瘤的特异性识别和攻击。
