Alibrahim Bader, Sharaheeli Jaber, Alassaf Lujain, Abd-Ellatif Eman E
Preventive Medicine, Field Epidemiology Training Program, Riyadh, SAU.
Population Health Management, Center for National Health Insurance, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus. 2022 Dec 14;14(12):e32503. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32503. eCollection 2022 Dec.
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors is expected to rise in Saudi Arabia as the prevalence of CVD risk factors rises. Effective primary CVD prevention necessitates risk assessment to categorize patients and select the most appropriate intervention for each category.
To estimate the prevalence of CVD at primary healthcare (PHC) in Riyadh city and to categorize the at-risk population as a slow, intermediate, or high risk of CVD.
A cross-sectional study was carried out at seven PHC centers in Riyadh. Seven hundred participants (half of whom were males and the other half females) were selected at random from PHCs visitors, and data was collected using a structured questionnaire, as well as required measurements and laboratory investigations. The World Health Organization risk prediction charts were used to calculate CVD risk. Participants were assigned to one of three CVD risk categories (low, intermediate, high).
Obesity was found to be the most common risk factor found in this study (53.2%). Overweight (31.2%), with females having higher BMI levels. The study found that 83.4% of participants had low CVD risk, 12.9% had intermediate risk, and 3.7% had high CVD risk category. Age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol level, smoking, and prior diagnosis of diabetes were all statistically significant predictors of moderate and high CVD risk.
CVD risk factors were discovered to be common among study participants. It requires healthcare decision-makers to engage in community-based interventions to decrease the risk of CVD.
随着心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的患病率上升，沙特阿拉伯的心血管疾病危险因素患病率预计也会上升。有效的原发性心血管疾病预防需要进行风险评估，以便对患者进行分类，并为每个类别选择最合适的干预措施。
估计利雅得市初级医疗保健（PHC）机构中心血管疾病的患病率，并将高危人群分为心血管疾病的低、中、高风险类别。
在利雅得的七个初级医疗保健中心开展了一项横断面研究。从初级医疗保健机构的就诊者中随机选取700名参与者（其中一半为男性，另一半为女性），通过结构化问卷收集数据，并进行所需的测量和实验室检查。使用世界卫生组织风险预测图表计算心血管疾病风险。参与者被分为三个心血管疾病风险类别之一（低、中、高）。
肥胖是本研究中发现的最常见危险因素（53.2%）。超重（31.2%），女性的体重指数水平更高。研究发现，83.4%的参与者心血管疾病风险较低，12.9%的参与者有中度风险，3.7%的参与者有高度心血管疾病风险类别。年龄、收缩压、胆固醇水平、吸烟和既往糖尿病诊断都是中度和高度心血管疾病风险的统计学显著预测因素。
研究发现心血管疾病危险因素在研究参与者中很常见。这需要医疗保健决策者开展基于社区的干预措施，以降低心血管疾病风险。
