Ibrahim Nahla Khamis, Mahnashi Morooj, Al-Dhaheri Amal, Al-Zahrani Borooj, Al-Wadie Ebtihal, Aljabri Mydaa, Al-Shanketi Rajaa, Al-Shehri Rawiah, Al-Sayes Fatin M, Bashawri Jamil
Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Public Health. 2014 Apr 28;14:411. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-411.
Nowadays, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) represents an escalating worldwide public health problem. Providing consistent data on the magnitude and risk factors of CVDs among young population will help in controlling the risks and avoiding their consequences.
The objective was to estimate the prevalence of risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) among medical students during their clinical clerkship (4th - 6th years).
A cross-sectional study was done during the educational year 2012-2013 at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah. Ethical standards were followed and a multistage stratified random sample method was used for selection of 214 medical students. Data was collected through an interviewing questionnaire, measurements and laboratory investigations. Both descriptive and analytical statistics were done by SPSS version 21. CHD risk percent in thirty years was calculated using Framingham algorithm for each student, then the risk among all students was determined.
The commonest risk factors of CHDs were daily intake of high fat diet (73.4%), physical inactivity (57.9%), overweight/or obesity (31.2%) and daily consumption of fast food (13.1%). Hyper-cholesterolemia (17.2%) and hypertension (9.3%) were also prevalent risk factors. Smoking prevalence was low (2.8%). Males had significantly higher mean scores for most of CHD risk factors compared to females (p < 0.05). Systolic Blood pressure was higher among males (119.47 ± 11.17) compared to females (112.26 ± 9.06). A highly statistical significant difference was present (Students't test = 4.74, p < 0.001). Framingham Risk Score revealed that CHD risk percent in thirty-years among all students was 10.7%, 2.3% and 0.5% for mild, moderate and severe risk, respectively.
An alarmingly high prevalence of CHD risk factors was prevailed among medical students, especially among males. However, a low prevalence of smoking may indicate the success of "Smoke-free Campus" program. Screening risk factors of CHD among medical students and implementation of intervention programs are recommended. Programs to raise awareness about CHD risk factors, encourage young adult students to adopt a healthy dietary behavior and promote physical exercise should be initiated.
如今，心血管疾病（CVDs）已成为一个在全球范围内不断升级的公共卫生问题。提供关于年轻人群中心血管疾病的严重程度及风险因素的一致数据，将有助于控制风险并避免其后果。
目的是估计医学生在临床实习期间（第4至6年）冠心病（CHD）风险因素的患病率。
2012 - 2013学年在吉达的阿卜杜勒阿齐兹国王大学（KAU）进行了一项横断面研究。遵循伦理标准，采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法选取了214名医学生。通过访谈问卷、测量和实验室检查收集数据。使用SPSS 21版进行描述性和分析性统计。使用弗明汉算法为每个学生计算30年冠心病风险百分比，然后确定所有学生中的风险情况。
冠心病最常见的风险因素是每日高脂肪饮食摄入（73.4%）、身体活动不足（57.9%）、超重/肥胖（31.2%）和每日食用快餐（13.1%）。高胆固醇血症（17.2%）和高血压（9.3%）也是普遍存在的风险因素。吸烟率较低（2.8%）。与女性相比，男性在大多数冠心病风险因素上的平均得分显著更高（p < 0.05）。男性的收缩压（119.47 ± 11.17）高于女性（112.26 ± 9.06）。存在高度统计学显著差异（学生t检验 = 4.74，p < 0.001）。弗明汉风险评分显示，所有学生中30年冠心病风险百分比在轻度、中度和重度风险中分别为10.7%、2.3%和0.5%。
医学生中冠心病风险因素的患病率高得惊人，尤其是在男性中。然而，低吸烟率可能表明“无烟校园”计划取得了成功。建议对医学生进行冠心病风险因素筛查并实施干预计划。应启动提高对冠心病风险因素认识的计划，鼓励年轻成年学生采取健康的饮食行为并促进体育锻炼。
