Aliyo Alqeer, Golicha Wako, Fikrie Anteneh
Medical Laboratory Science Department, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.
School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.
Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol. 2023 Jan 12;10:23333928221144555. doi: 10.1177/23333928221144555. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.
Malaria infection remains one of the major global and national public health threats, affecting millions of people yearly by causing substantial morbidity and mortality. In developing countries, higher proportions of poor malaria prevention and control measure both regionally and nationally, particularly in pastoral community areas of southern Ethiopia.
The study aimed to assess malaria preventive practices and associated factors among households of pastoral communities in Borena zone, Oromia regional state, Southern Ethiopia, 2022.
A community-based cross-sectional study design was used from March first to 30, 2022, among 421 selected simple random sampling households in pastoral communities of the Borena zone. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a structured pretested questionnaire and visual observation for household malaria prevention practices. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with malaria preventive practices. Finally, adjusted odd ratio (AOR) together with 95% confidence intervals was used, and a P value of less than 0.05 indicated an overall statistical association.
The overall malaria prevention rate among pastoral community households was 31.6%(133) [95%; CI = 27.2-36.4]. The factors significantly associated with malaria prevention practice were malaria prevention knowledge [AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.5] and the absence of plasmodium parasites among children [AOR = 4.3, 95% CI = 2.8-8.7]. However, households staying outdoors at night [AOR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-1.0] were negatively associated with household malaria prevention. A total of 200 (47.5%) households had used insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITN) and 5(1.2%) households had indoor residual sprays (IRS).
The study revealed lower malaria prevention practices among households of the pastoral community. The government and other concerned bodies should contribute to malaria prevention measures in pastoral remote areas. Health extension workers should have to create awareness in the communities to avoid incorrect use of the ITN.
疟疾感染仍然是全球和国家主要的公共卫生威胁之一，每年导致数百万人患病和死亡，影响巨大。在发展中国家，尤其是在埃塞俄比亚南部的牧区社区，区域和国家层面的疟疾预防和控制措施比例较低。
本研究旨在评估2022年埃塞俄比亚南部奥罗米亚州博雷纳区牧区社区家庭的疟疾预防措施及相关因素。
2022年3月1日至30日，在博雷纳区牧区社区选取421户进行简单随机抽样，采用基于社区的横断面研究设计。通过面对面访谈和使用经过预测试的结构化问卷以及对家庭疟疾预防措施进行视觉观察来收集数据。然后，使用SPSS 25版本对数据进行分析。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与疟疾预防措施相关的因素。最后，使用调整后的优势比（AOR）和95%置信区间，P值小于0.05表示总体存在统计学关联。
牧区社区家庭的总体疟疾预防率为31.6%（133户）[95%；置信区间=27.2 - 36.4]。与疟疾预防措施显著相关的因素是疟疾预防知识[AOR = 1.6，95%置信区间=1.1 - 2.5]以及儿童中无疟原虫寄生虫[AOR = 4.3，95%置信区间=2.8 - 8.7]。然而，夜间呆在户外的家庭[AOR = 0.5，95%置信区间=0.3 - 1.0]与家庭疟疾预防呈负相关。共有200户（47.5%）家庭使用了经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐（ITN），5户（1.2%）家庭进行了室内滞留喷洒（IRS）。
研究显示牧区社区家庭的疟疾预防措施较低。政府和其他相关机构应助力牧区偏远地区的疟疾预防措施。卫生推广工作者应在社区提高认识，避免不正确使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐。
