Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Research Unit of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, Zigui County Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 30 Pinghu Avenue, Zigui, 443600, Hubei, China.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 19;13(1):1035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-22953-z.
Smoking is a trigger for asthma, which has led to an increase in asthma incidence in China. In smokers, asthma management starts with smoking cessation. Data on predictors of smoking cessation in Chinese patients with asthma are scarce. The objective of this study was to find the differences in clinical characteristics between current smokers and former smokers with asthma in order to identify factors associated with smoking cessation. Eligible adults with diagnosed asthma and smoking from the hospital outpatient clinics (n = 2312) were enrolled and underwent a clinical evaluation, asthma control test (ACT), and pulmonary function test. Information on demographic and sociological data, lung function, laboratory tests, ACT and asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) scores was recorded. Patients were divided into a current smokers group and a former smokers group based on whether they had quit smoking. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors associated with smoking cessation. Of all patients with asthma, 34.6% were smokers and 65.4% were former smokers, and the mean age was 54.5 ± 11.5 years. Compared with current smokers, the former smokers were older, had longer duration of asthma, had higher ICS dose, had more partially controlled and uncontrolled asthma, had more pack-years, had smoked for longer, and had worse asthma control. The logistic regression model showed that smoking cessation was positively correlated with age, female sex, pack-years, years of smoking, partially controlled asthma, uncontrolled asthma, and body mass index (BMI), but was negatively correlated with ACT, FEV, FEV%predicted, and widowed status. More than 30% of asthma patients in the study were still smoking. Among those who quit smoking, many quit late, often not realizing they need to quit until they have significant breathing difficulties. The related factors of smoking cessation identified in this study indicate that there are still differences between continuing smokers and former smokers, and these factors should be focused on in asthma smoking cessation interventions to improve the prognosis of patients with asthma.
吸烟是哮喘的诱因，这导致中国哮喘发病率上升。在吸烟者中，哮喘管理从戒烟开始。关于中国哮喘患者戒烟预测因素的数据很少。本研究的目的是找到目前吸烟者和曾经吸烟者哮喘临床特征的差异，以确定与戒烟相关的因素。从医院门诊（n=2312）招募了符合条件的诊断为哮喘且吸烟的成年人，并对其进行了临床评估、哮喘控制测试（ACT）和肺功能测试。记录了人口统计学和社会学数据、肺功能、实验室检查、ACT 和哮喘控制问卷（ACQ）评分。根据是否戒烟，将患者分为当前吸烟者组和曾经吸烟者组。使用逻辑回归分析来分析与戒烟相关的因素。在所有哮喘患者中，34.6%为吸烟者，65.4%为曾经吸烟者，平均年龄为 54.5±11.5 岁。与当前吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者年龄更大，哮喘持续时间更长，ICS 剂量更高，部分控制和未控制的哮喘更多，吸烟年限更长，吸烟时间更长，哮喘控制更差。逻辑回归模型显示，戒烟与年龄、女性、吸烟包年数、吸烟年限、部分控制哮喘、未控制哮喘和体重指数（BMI）呈正相关，与 ACT、FEV、FEV%predicted 和丧偶状态呈负相关。研究中超过 30%的哮喘患者仍在吸烟。在那些戒烟的人中，很多人戒烟很晚，直到出现明显的呼吸困难才意识到需要戒烟。本研究确定的戒烟相关因素表明，继续吸烟者和曾经吸烟者之间仍存在差异，在哮喘戒烟干预中应关注这些因素，以改善哮喘患者的预后。
