Kairyte Agniete, Truskauskaite Inga, Daniunaite Ieva, Gelezelyte Odeta, Zelviene Paulina
Center for Psychotraumatology, Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio str. 29, Vilnius, 01300, Lithuania.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2023 Jan 19;17(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s13034-023-00558-2.
The current definitions of resilience can be addressed as a process, an outcome, or a trait. Empirical studies should be carried out to determine the most appropriate definition for it. Therefore, the main aim of the current study was to investigate changes in adolescents' resilience over two years and explore the links between resilience and different forms of child maltreatment.
The three-wave longitudinal study "Stress and resilience in adolescence" (STAR-A) sample was comprised of a general school-based sample of Lithuanian adolescents [baseline N = 1295, 56.7% females; M(SD) = 14.24 (1.26)]. Resilience was measured using the 14-item Resilience Scale (RS-14), lifetime exposure to maltreatment was measured at wave 1 using a questionnaire developed by the Norwegian Center for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies (NKVTS), risk of psychopathology-using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The changes in resilience scores over the period of two years were investigated using the latent growth modeling approach.
The analyses revealed two classes of resilience-stable higher and stable lower. We found that experience of at least one form of abuse was significantly more prevalent in the lower resilience group in comparison to the higher resilience group. Also, adolescents with lower resilience had a higher probability of psychopathology.
This study provided meaningful insights into the stability of resilience over time in adolescence and its relation to various types of child maltreatment. Experiences of maltreatment, as well as risk for psychopathology, were linked to lower resilience in adolescence.
复原力的当前定义可被视为一个过程、一种结果或一种特质。应开展实证研究以确定其最合适的定义。因此，本研究的主要目的是调查青少年在两年间复原力的变化，并探讨复原力与不同形式儿童虐待之间的联系。
三波纵向研究“青少年的压力与复原力”（STAR - A）样本由立陶宛青少年的一个基于学校的普通样本组成[基线时N = 1295，女性占56.7%；M(SD) = 14.24(1.26)]。使用14项复原力量表（RS - 14）测量复原力，在第一波时使用挪威暴力与创伤应激研究中心（NKVTS）编制的问卷测量一生遭受虐待的经历，使用长处与困难问卷（SDQ）测量心理病理学风险。采用潜在增长模型方法研究两年期间复原力得分的变化。
分析揭示了两类复原力——稳定较高型和稳定较低型。我们发现，与较高复原力组相比，至少经历一种虐待形式在较低复原力组中显著更普遍。此外，复原力较低的青少年出现心理病理学的可能性更高。
本研究为青少年时期复原力随时间的稳定性及其与各类儿童虐待的关系提供了有意义的见解。虐待经历以及心理病理学风险与青少年较低的复原力有关。
